国土空间治理视角下浙江传统村落与自然景观耦合的地方性特征研究

摘要：  国土空间规划是中国新时代发展和生态文明建设背景下规划领域的重大变革，乡村规划是其中的基础和关键，而传统村落是乡村规划中传承自然乡土文化的主要载体，需从生态文明和地方性的视角进行科学规划。以浙江省传统村落为例，运用ArcGIS等空间分析方法，分析了村落的空间分布类型及与山、水、林、田、海等自然要素的关联特征，从聚落与自然的格局关系视角，发现了浙江传统村落空间分布数量与自然要素丰度双聚集、山形水势结构清晰、自然要素叠加关系明显等地方性空间特质。在此基础上提出乡镇级国土空间规划中传统村落全域全要素的保护理念和以地方性为依据的“重点连片、次类带状、单一点状”的分类规划路径，探索集中连片保护理念下进一步提升传统村落自然风貌特色的规划方法，为新时代国土空间规划体系下传统村落的保护与发展提供参考。

关键词: 风景园林；国土空间治理；传统村落；地方性；景观格局

Abstract:  Territorial spatial planning is a major change in the context of China's new era development and ecological civilization construction, of which village planning is the foundation and key. Traditional villages are the main carrier of natural vernacular culture in rural planning, and it is necessary to deeply explore their important ecological and social cultural values. The study employed ArcGIS and other spatial analytic tools to examine the spatial distribution types of villages and their related features with natural components such as mountains, water, woods, fields, and the sea, using the traditional villages of Zhejiang Province as an example. The study discovered regional spatial characteristics, such as the spatial distribution quantity of traditional villages in Zhejiang Province and the double aggregation of the abundance of natural elements, the clear structure of mountain shape and water, and the obvious superposition relationship of natural elements, from the perspective of the patterned relationship between settlements and nature. On this basis, it proposes the concept of protection of all elements of traditional villages in township-level territorial spatial planning and a "focused contiguous, sub-category ribbon, and single point" classification planning path based on "locality", and explores planning methods to further enhance the natural features of traditional villages under the concept of concentrated and contiguous protection, so as to provide reference for the protection and development of traditional villages under the territorial spatial planning system in the new era.

Keywords:   landscape architecture; territorial spatial governance; traditional village; locality; landscape pattern