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“悬挑式”双子住宅公寓——OMA新作

发布于：2022-12-19 10:29:19 来自：建筑结构/混凝土结构 [复制转发]

Greenpoint Landing 双子住宅塔楼位于布鲁克林北部的牛顿溪（Newton Creek）和东河（East River）的交汇处，该社区历史上被称为“小波兰”，由低层联排别墅组成，其滨水边缘有工业区的存在，包括造船、制绳以及石油提炼等活动，由此切断了这个社区与东河的联系。

Greenpoint lies at the northernmost tip of Brooklyn where Newtown Creek meets the East River. The neighborhood—sometimes called “Little Poland”—has historically consisted of low-rise townhouses with industry at its waterfront edges. The industrial border, which included shipbuilding, rope-making, and more toxic activities such as petroleum refinement, cut the neighborhood off from the East River.

作为2005年对Greenpoint和Williamsburg全面重新规划的一部分，我们将南北两侧的街区被确定为新的住宅区域——引入一对30层和40层高的塔楼，包括市场价公寓和经济适用房（30% 的单位是经济适用房）。

As part of a sweeping rezoning of both Greenpoint and Williamsburg in 2005, our site and blocks to the north and south were identified as an area for new residential density—introducing pairs of thirty- and forty-story towers to include market-rate and affordable housing (30 percent of units to be affordable).

作为交换，这一新的开发项目将开放通往东河及其沿线的通道。我们的场地位于Greenpoint的主要网格和垂直于NewtownCreek延伸的次要网格的交界处。这个铰链点可以俯瞰曼哈顿的全景，但也因为切割了场地西端而限制了整体街区的大小，整体呈现一个梯形轮廓。

In exchange, this new development would open access to and along the East River. Our site sits at the conjunction of Greenpoint’s primary grid and a secondary grid that extends perpendicular to Newtown Creek. This hinge- point provides panoramic views of Manhattan, but also cuts the western end of the site, creating a trapezoidal outline and constraining the size of the block.

我们面临的挑战是将所需数量的住房安置这个看起来很小无法容纳的场地中。

Our challenge was to fit the desired amount of housing into a site and a neighborhood that both seemed too small to accommodate it.

该分区允许的最大建筑面积为11000平方英尺。我们很快发现，这样的规模将导致两座塔楼之间只有40英尺的距离—— 过近的距离会削弱该场地的潜力，并与社区形成一道隔离墙。因为，我们需要尽量减少塔楼占地面积，留出60英尺的空地，以此接近于典型街道的规模，并在最大化塔楼使用效率的情况下，战略性地扩展或收缩各个楼层。

The zoning allowed for a maximum floorplate of 11,000 square feet. We quickly found that this scale and required setbacks would result in only 40 feet of separation between our two towers—an uncomfortable proximity that undermined the potential of the site and would create a wall from the neighborhood. We began by reducing their footprints to allow for 60 feet of open space, more akin to the scale of a typical street. We could then strategically expand and contract the towers for zones of maximum efficiency within each.

示意图

两座塔楼相互靠近又相互远离。较高的塔楼由西向东、由下至上逐渐变宽，从而最大化看向曼哈顿天际线的视野，为社区创造了一个引人注目的面貌。较矮的塔楼则有着较宽的底部，以此打造与相邻塔楼渐行渐远的“梯田式”户外露台，并与位于北面的滨河长廊相接。

示意图

两座塔楼的形状形成了露台和悬挑，它们紧紧地连接在一起，仿佛是从一个街区中分离出来的。阶梯式的立面弱化了两栋塔楼之间的尺度差异，也减少了与邻近建筑之间的不同。

The two towers simultaneously lean into and away from one another. The taller tower widens toward the east as it rises, maximizing views and creating a dramatic face to the neighborhood. The shorter tower, a fraternal twin, widens toward the ground to face a new waterfront park to the north. The two towers are shaped to create terraces and overhangs that emphatically link them together as if they were broken apart from a single block. A ziggurat and its inverse, the pair are distinct yet intimately connected by the void between them. The stepped forms of the towers and the articulation of their facades mediate the inevitable contrast in scale between the two towers and the existing neighborhood. The stepping divides the tower into seven- to eight- story blocks that echo the scale of the neighboring buildings. The facade reinforces this subdivision.

当The Avery的玻璃幕墙在旧金山拔地而起时，在这里的提案建筑师力求体现坚固性。将 8 英尺 x 8 英尺的大窗户整合到预制混凝土网格中，从而保持了广阔的全景视野，同时使单元内部和立面之间更容易适应。

While The Avery’s glass curtain wall was rising in San Francisco, our proposal here sought to embrace solidity. Incorporating large 8-foot-by-8-foot windows into a grid of precast concrete maintains expansive views while making the complex negotiations between unit interiors and facade easier to accommodate.

该项目的幕墙的设计与绿点区连栋住宅的立面相似，其预制面板上嵌有一系列倾斜且有着不同角度变化的面板，因此在白天，立面会随着太阳光线的变化而呈现出生机盎然的变幻效果，并以此强调了每栋塔楼的体积感。

The solidity also creates a set of buildings that emerge mo re seamlessly from the neighborhood. Much like the shingled facades seen on Greenpoint’s townhouses, the precast panels are carved by a series of angled planes. The shingling of each “block” of the tower alternates in orientation to emphasize the finer scale of the towers’ mass—a dynamic relief that reacts to the movement of the sun.

示意图

滨水塔楼做到了将水景最大化，并在天际线内建立了一个独特的、标志性的临街景观。在这里，一组悬臂从建筑底部向东延伸48英尺，朝向Greenpoint，向社区展示了我们极具戏剧性的立面。

Waterfront towers typically try to both maximize the views to the water and establish a distinct, even iconic frontage within the skyline. Too often that means turning away from the neighborhood, creating a “back” side and disengaging the tower from its context. Here, a set of cantilevers—extending the building 48 feet from its base—faces east toward Greenpoint and presents our most dramatic facade to the neighborhood.

作为一个家庭农场社区，呼应了 Green point 的田园起源，两层绿地向海滨开放，露台由一系列公共空间构成。在它们上方，塔楼由一条俯瞰曼哈顿天际线的桥梁相连接。

总之，Greenpoint Landing旨在成为一个生活平台：连接过去和未来、室内和室外、城市街景和海滨广场。

Echoing Greenpoint’s pastoral origins as a neighborhood of family farms, two levels of green space open to the waterfront. Terraces are framed by a collection of common spaces. Above them, the towers are linked by an amenity bridge looking over the Manhattan skyline. Altogether, Greenpoint Landing aims to be a platform for living: connecting past and future, indoor and outdoor, urban streetscape and waterfront.