美国伯克郡克拉克社会与文化艺术中心自然艺术与基础设施建设/Reed Hilderbrand LLCArt ...

“在该项目中，我们看到一个文化艺术综合机构对于其周边自然环境的精心打造，并不亚于对其室内设施的精心设计。”——2015年ASLA专业奖评语
"Here we see the investment of a cultural institution in its stunning natural environment that is as important as the work inside its galleries." - 2015 Awards Jury

项目概述
克拉克社会与文化艺术中心景观改造工程历时14年，分三期完成。项目竣工后，其户外景观空间得以大规模扩展，并与其周边独特的自然绿化景观和谐相融，为其自然及文化资源的提升带来全新意义，并丰富了其作为文化艺术机构的社会功用，为实现其公众化教育使命奠定良好基础。这是一个以简单材料与多样化形式为基础的大型景观改造项目，旨在充分利用并强化克拉克中心周边纯朴而迷人乡间自然景观。在广博的水文与地形区域格局中，形式多样的绿化景观设计元素与形态各异的建筑体融于一体，为原本单调的户外空间增添了勃勃生机。以强化功能性和视觉性为标准，设计团队建立起一个集土壤、水源、植被于一体的综合型结构化景观环境，以改善天然林地与河流廊道现状，减少资源需求，并提升克拉克中心自身对于周边自然景观的有效维护。

项目描述
使命、文化及功用
2001年，在战略性及设施规划的实施进程中，克拉克中心集聚了一支多领域综合型设计团队，对其户外景观区进行重新规划，并对其基础设施进行相应更新，以实现提高其学术及文化领导地位的核心目标。在历经过去13年的多次经济衰退中，克拉克中心从来不曾停滞其自我提升的脚步：不断改进园区观光设施；积极调整当代艺术收藏标准；优化教育资源；分三期建设修复其日渐破败的户外景观。最终，克拉克中心于2014年7月以其崭新面貌重新对外开放。

使命——打造自然艺术
克拉克中心户外景观改造的主要目的在于将其艺术收藏理念融入到景观环境的打造中。然而，2001年，该中心博物馆对外开放时，140英亩（约57公顷）的庞大户外景观区，仅一小部分供公众观光，大多数游客都认为在如此迷人的自然田园艺术景观环境中，完全可以打造出十分理想户外景观区，这样的地块荒废实属可惜。于是，该项目的设计团队对整个地块进行了一次彻底的总体规划，设计师们赋予景观以生命和力量，突出该地块所固有的自然及文化优势，精心打造全新景观结构，欲为游客们呈现别样的视觉体验。如今，通过全新观光游径的建成和合理的区域划分，该中心140英亩（约57公顷）的户外景观区全部对外开放。现在，景观区已然成为克拉克中心的观展焦点之一，周边的天然草坪与精心打造的园区核心景观和谐地融合成一片广袤的绿化视觉整体。

文化——公共景观园区
克拉克景观区一直被誉为服务于当地民众和威廉姆斯学院社区的半开放式优质景观空间。为了进一步强化这种社会关系，项目团队开发了长达1英里（约1.61公里）的全新观光游径，以将毗邻街区与伯克郡广泛的道路网络更为充分连于一体。宽广的草坪、广博的阶地，以及用于冬季滑冰的中央静水池，所有这些都让这一庞大的公共景观空间得以重获聚集，一个伯克郡的区域性社会与文化优质活动中心正展现于世人面前。

功用——实用型景观区
多年来，克拉克的斯通希尔大草场已经成为了理想的天然放牧场，牛群在这里欢快地食草，而整个克拉克景观区也形成一个实用型景观环境。在该项目的一期工程中，项目团队成功创建地了有效的雨水管理系统，以改善林地水源的水质；在二期工程中，项目团队为克拉克中心景观区与其先前遭受边缘化的水文资源重建起全新的联系；而在三期工程中，项目团队改变了建筑师们的初衷，赋予原先仅供观赏的层阶式静水池以充分的功用性。连接地下与屋面排水的高度连通性供水系统功能中心区、空调系统组装设施、水管设施、灌溉设施以及水池设施可确保克拉克中心超过100万加仑（约380万升）的年饮用水供给量。

持续性及设计力度
作为该项目的主要景观设计团队，Reed Hilderbrand LLC从项目总体规划直至项目施工，全程参与其中，并与3个建筑设计团队密切合作，对三座迥然不同的建筑物进行相应的景观改造，以为整个景观园区提供统一和谐的视觉体验，并为克拉克中心营造出生机盎然的景观环境。项目团队巧妙利用周边独特的自然景观环境，建立起土方、水道、步道、活动场所、种植园以及草地植被区等一系列大型景观工程，为克拉克中心建筑体创造一片巨型绿色海洋，丰富了项目场地的视觉体验，有力提升了克拉克实现其文化艺术使命的源动力。


经历14年的景观扩建与翻新，如今的克拉克艺术中心博物馆正浸沐于一片绿色的景观海洋之中
A fourteen-year effort to expand and renew the Clark Art Institute has focused the museum toward its post-agrarian landscape.
Image by: Jeff Goldberg


克拉克中心原有布局中建筑体后部的广袤土地
The Clark's original configuration turned its back on this extensive landholding
Image by: Esto Photographics, Inc.


该项目的景观打造从根本上加深了克拉克中心建筑体与其周边景观的紧密联系，实现了跨越140英亩（约57公顷）的绿化景观连接
Our project radically deepens the institution's relationship to its landscape, creating a true campus of connections across 140 acres.
Image by: Esto Photographics, Inc.


斯通希尔大草场视角中的威廉斯敦镇和伯克郡北部边缘的连绵山景
View from Stone Hill meadow captures Williamstown and the northern Berkshires rim.
Image by: James Ewing


克拉克中心博物馆入口步道上原先略显乏味的树列
A strong order sets up a moment of revelation at the museum entrance.
Image by: Millicent Harvey


静水池边连续的滨水露台设计，连各建筑体都连于一体，并为游客们指明了前往斯通希尔大草场的方向
A continuous terrace wraps the reflecting pool, links buildings, and orients visitors toward Stone Hill.
Image by: Steward Cairns


全新建成的基础设施可确保100万加仑（约380万升）的年用水量
New infrastructure conserves 1,000,000 gallons of water annually.
Image by: Esto Photographics, Inc.


在原先的停车场地块中，层阶式静水池将克拉克中心各式不同的建筑体连接成一个视觉整体
On the site of the former parking lot, a tiered reflection pool unites the Clark's disparate architectural expressions.
Image by: Jeff Goldberg


瀑布水景流淌于层阶式静水池的花岗岩水坝间
Water cascades across granite weirs between tiered pools.
Image by: Millicent Harvey


长达2英里（约3.2公里）的全新步道为远近游客往返克拉克中心都提供了便利
Two miles of new walking trails enhance visitor and community access to the site.
Image by: James Ewing


连接着斯通希尔大草场和卢恩德尔中心的林地走道
A woodland passage connecting to the Lunder Center on Strone Hill.
Image by: Millicent Harvey


卢恩德尔中心及其阶式草坪与坡状草地
Lunder Center with its terraced pattern of mown flats and sloped grasslands.
Image by: Alan Ward


木板桥的建造为克拉克中心更增添了几分静谧的田园气息
A wood plank bridge amplifies the Clark's rural character.
Image by: Millicent Harvey


在初秋清晨的薄雾中，高高的杨柳映衬着这座全新建筑
Willows magically scale the new building in an early autumn morning's fog.
Image by: Millicent Harvey


彩虹桥
Rainbow bridge
Image by: James Ewing

Project Statement
Spanning fourteen years and three phases of construction, our renewal of the Clark Art Institute campus expands public access to its unique landscape, brings new significance to its natural and cultural resources, and enriches the Clark's capacity to realize its educational mission. It is a project of simple materials and broad forms that draw from and intensify the Clark's deeply beloved rural setting. Building within and upon the larger regional patterns of hydrology and topography, the strongly figured landscape unites disparate architectural works into a singular campus. Asserting strong functional and visual criteria, we built an intensively engineered landscape of integrated soils, water, and vegetative systems that improves native woodland and stream corridor conditions, reduces resource demands, and expands the Clark's understanding of its own commitment to landscape stewardship.

Project Narrative
Mission, Culture, and Performance
In 2001, following a strategic and facilities planning process, the Clark assembled a multi-disciplinary design team to reconceive its campus and renew its infrastructure, the flagship project of its goal to enhance its academic and cultural leadership position. Through multiple economic downturns over the last thirteen years, the Clark has never relented on its vision, improving visitor amenities, accommodating contemporary collections standards, enhancing teaching resources, and repairing a depleted landscape in three phases of construction, culminating in a grand re-opening in July 2014.

Mission—Art in Nature
The Clark's mission explicitly links the interpretation of its collection to its landscape context. In 2001, however, the Museum-going public visited only a small fraction of the 140-acre campus and it was mostly understood as a passive backdrop for viewing its pastoral art. Commencing with a master plan for the entire landholding, we gave the landscape voice, highlighting its natural and cultural content and framing new, more nuanced ways for the landscape to contribute to the visitor experience. Today the entirety of its 140 acres is accessible, aided by new trails and distributed program. The landscape is now fully considered part of the collection — equally foregrounding the pastoral meadows and the precisely rendered and expressive landscape of the campus core.

Culture—A Common
The Clark's landscape has always been understood as semi-public, serving local residents and the Williams College community. Enhancing this relationship, we developed over a mile of new trails to link the adjacent neighborhood more fully with the Berkshires' extensive trail network. The broad lawns, generous terraces, and central reflecting pools, which are used for winter skating, all refocus the campus into a center for social and cultural events—a regional common for the Berkshires.

Performance—A Working Landscape
Cows have grazed the Clark's Stone Hill Meadow for generations and the Clark has always seen itself as a steward of a working landscape. In the first phase of this project, we implemented a significant stormwater management program to improve the health of woodland streams. In the process, we uncovered a new relationship for the Clark with its previously marginalized hydrological resources. In the final phase we transformed the architect's vision for the tiered reflecting pools from a purely visual element into a working one. The functional centerpiece of a deeply connected water system linking foundation and roof drains, HVAC makeup, plumbing, and irrigation, the pools now save the Clark over a million gallons a year in potable water.

Continuity and Strength
As the lead landscape architect, working directly for the Clark from master planning through construction, we bridged the work of three architects working on strikingly different buildings, to deliver a singular campus experience for its visitors. We defined the landscape as an active foreground to the institution. We took cues from the extraordinary landscape context, building a robust and expressive set of earthworks and waterways, pathways and places, and plantations and grasslands that embeds the architecture in something larger than itself, enriches the experience of the site, and enhances the Clark's ability to realize its mission.


项目信息：
景观设计：Reed Hilderbrand LLC：盖瑞•希尔德布兰德（美国景观设计师协会理事）、埃里克•克雷默（美国景观设计师协会会员）、贝卡•斯特奇斯（美国景观设计师协会会员）、伊丽莎白•兰德尔（美国景观设计师协会会员）
建筑设计：安藤忠雄建筑事务所联合公司、塞尔多夫建筑师事务所
水景顾问：Dan Euser Waterarchitecture
防水顾问：James R. Gainfort Associates
土壤顾问：Pine and Swallow Environmental
照明顾问：ARUP
结构工程：Buro Happold
土木工程：Guntlow and Associates, Inc.
环保工程：Altieri Sebor Wieber, LLC
建筑纪录：Gensler

Project Credits:
Landscape Architects: Reed Hilderbrand LLC: Gary Hilderbrand, FASLA; Eric Kramer, ASLA; Beka Sturges, ASLA; Elizabeth Randall, ASLA;
Design Architects: Tadao Ando Architects and Associates, Selldorf Architects
Water Feature Consultant: Dan Euser Waterarchitecture
Waterproofing Consultant: James R. Gainfort Associates
Soils Consultant: Pine and Swallow Environmental
Lighting Consultant: ARUP
Structural Engineer: Buro Happold
Civil Engineer: Guntlow and Associates, Inc.
MEP: Altieri Sebor Wieber, LLC
Architect of Record: Gensler


植物列表：
冠层树种
红枫
糖枫
美国紫树
红橡木
银柳
普林斯顿美洲榆
粗皮山核桃树
美洲朴
美洲榉树
枫香树
美洲铁树
白栎

下层植被
加拿大唐棣
鹅耳枥
山茱萸
北美花茱萸
卡罗林纳银钟花木
美洲冬青
美洲檫木

灌木植被
纸皮桦
水桦
颤杨

地被、草种及草地植被
美吐根
高地翦股颖
猬草
羊茅
匍匐紫羊茅
一年生黑麦草
多年生黑麦草
匍匐翦股颖
加拿大拂子茅
河岸野黑麦
弗吉尼亚州野麦
摩擦禾
小糠草
铁荸荠
草地早熟禾
三叶草
北美小须芒草
弗吉尼亚须芒草
垂穗草
蓝格兰马草
鸟足拟三叶草
高羊茅

Plant List:
Canopy Trees
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
Black Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
Red Oak (Quercus bicolor)
White Willow (Salix alba)
Princeton Elm (Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’)
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
American Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
White Oak (Quercus alba)

Understory Trees
Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis)
Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana)
Pagoda Dogwood (Cornus alterniflora)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Carolina silverbell (Halesia tetraptera)
American Holly (Ilex opaca)
Common Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)

Thicket Trees
Paper Birch (Betulus papyrifera)
Gray Birch (Betulus populifolia)
Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Groundcover, Grasses and Meadow Plantings
Bowman's Root (Gillenia trifoliate)
Upland Bentgrass (Agrostis perennans)
Bottlebrush Grass (Elymus hystrix)
Sheep Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perrenne)
Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)
Canada Bluejoint (Calmagrostis canadensis)
Riverbank Wild Rye (Elymus riparius)
Virginia Wild Rye (Elymus virginicus)
Eastern Gamma Grass (Tripsacum dactyloides)
Redtop (Agrostis alba)
Chufa/Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
Alene Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
Ureka II Hard Fescue (Trifolium repens)
Little Bluestem (Andropogon scoparius)
Broom Sedge (Andropogon virginicus)
Side Oats Grama (Bouteloua curipendula)
Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracius)
Bird's Foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)