西班牙巴塞罗那低能耗的MZ住宅

© Pol Viladoms 最高的舒适度加上最低的能耗，快来尽情享受这百年一遇的房子！这次的设计任务是将这栋1918年建成的房子翻新，而最大的挑战是在改善它的隔热和隔音效果的同时还得维持原有的体量和立面。建筑结构和材料不仅要达到以上的目标，而且还要大大降低能耗：从171 kWh/m2a 降至17 kWh/m2a（称为“翻新十大因素”）。在短短的120天内，将原有的传统建筑转变为“被动节能房”。 Enjoy a centenary house with the maximum comfort and minimum energy cost.The challenge was to refurbish a house built in 1918 maintaining both the original volume and façade whilst improving the thermal and acoustic comfort. The construction systems and materials used have made possible not only to achieve the goal but also to lower the energy demand from 171 kWh/m2a to 17 kWh/m2a (known as a 10 factor rehabilitation); transforming a traditional existing building into a Passive House in only 120 days. © Pol Viladoms 我们所面临的三大难点是：联排住宅的东北朝向，有限的预算和时间。 The three main difficulties were: the north-east orientation of the row house, the limited budget and the urgency of the clients to move in. © Rodrigo Díaz-Wichmann Section/剖面图 主要任务是重新设计建筑截面改变房子朝向。新天窗可以使建筑在冬季被动获得太阳能，夏季自然通风，整个房间采光充足，并为太阳能电池板提供一个合适的位置。一个新的通道从室内一直延伸至花园。 The main operation was to redesign the section in order to re-orientate the house. The new skylight permits the solar passive gain in winter, the cross natural ventilation in summer, fills the centre of the house with natural light and provides a proper orientation to the solar panels. A new big opening stretches the tiny interior towards the garden. © Rodrigo Díaz-Wichmann 为了实现建筑的最大精确化并缩短施工工期，我们决定采用预制干施工系统。不同的组成部分（屋顶，立面，夹层，楼梯，天窗）都采用类似于Meccano配件的设计方式，由数控系统生产，并且现场组装。整个屋顶在几小时内组装完成，其他部分也是一样。 A prefabricated dry construction system was chosen to achieve the maximum precision and shorten the building process. The different elements (roof, façade, mezzanine, staircase, skylight) were designed like Meccano pieces to be manufactured with a numerical control system and afterwards assembled in site. The whole roof was mounted in few hours, the same as the other elements. © Rodrigo Díaz-Wichmann © Rodrigo Díaz-Wichmann 除了精确完美的施工工艺，生物工程材料的运用减少了对环境的影响。因此，新建造的屋顶和立面采用木质结构系统，利用OSB面板和天然绵羊毛木纤维板做保温隔热。自然通风的立面采用的是未处理的落叶松木材，而屋顶由经过热处理的松木组成。室内的夹层、厨房和橱柜都是由三合板构成，地板是油毡面砖。这栋房子还配置着太阳能热水器和高效节能的通风设备。 In addition to such excellent energetic performance, bio-construction materials were used in order to reduce the environmental impact. Therefore, the new roof and façade were built out of a structural wood-frame construction system using OSB panels and natural sheep wool and wood-fibre boards for insulation. The ventilated façade is finished with planks of natural larch wood and the roof with heat-treated pine wood. In the interior, the mezzanine, kitchen and cupboards are entirely made of 3 Ply Shuttering panels and linoleum for the flooring. The house is provided with solar panels for water heating and a high energy efficient device for ventilation. First Floor Plan/一层平面图 Second Floor Plan/二层平面图 Roof Floor Plan/顶层平面图 Site Plan/场地平面图 Elevation/立面图 Elevation/立面图 建筑事务所：Pilar Calderon, Marc Folch, Pol Sarsanedas 地点：西班牙，巴塞罗那 年份：2012年 摄影：Rodrigo Díaz-Wichmann, Pol Viladoms

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