法国斯特拉斯堡国立大学图书馆的改建

© Vincent Fillon 斯特拉斯堡国立大学图书馆（BNU）建筑最初是wilhelmian式（一种荷兰建筑风格），从它对称的设计和方正的布局就可以看出19世纪末的历史主义痕迹。20世纪50年代的改建工作隐藏了最初的一部分设计要点。第三个阶段从2006年到2014年，其修复工作是对本原的回归。即恢复到原始的中心式设计，并重新激活室内外的空间关系。简而言之，经建筑师们精心考量，与光相结合的一组中心楼梯让原有的穹顶重新焕发光彩。凭借着象征性和结构性的双重角色，这组楼梯为建筑的入口空间营造了一种巨型棚屋的形象。 From the architect. The original architecture of the National Strasbourg University Library (BNU) was wilhelmian and reflected the historicism of the late 19th century with its symmetrical design and its very square layout. Rehabilitation work in the 1950s hid part of the strong point of this initial design. The third phase carried out between 2006 and 2014 was a return to basics. The original central design has been restored, and the relationship between interiors and exteriors reactivated. Above all, the dome has been highlighted by a central staircase that is bathed in very carefully studied light. Both a symbolic and structural element, it returns to a form of monumentality shed of the triumphalism of its beginnings. © Vincent Fillon 精神场所的一次复兴 斯特拉斯堡的国立大学图书馆（BNU），位于城市中心，是德国占领（1871）时期的标志性建筑。我们小心翼翼地希望它的修复能匹配上它的纪念性地位。因此本次设计将重点放在立面的特征塑造以及原有穹顶空间的凸显上，让建筑内部的人们可以在任何一层都能看到（穹顶）。 A revival of the spirit of place Strasbourg’s National University Library (BNU), located in the city center, is a prestigious building of the German-occupation period (1871). For its rehabilitation we wanted to scrupulously adhere to its monumental architecture. The project thus emphasized the facade’s characteristic molding and magnified the dome by making it visible from all interior levels. © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon 新空间通过使用一种特殊的建筑语汇与原有结构明显区分开来。三个主要空间（接待处、通道、阅读室）用不同的手法塑造，来与这座纪念性的建筑发生对话。这一方面是基于摒弃一些影响原有空间质量可读性的寄生元素，另一方面基于创造一个垂直的运动系统和增加新的功能平台。摒弃这些寄生元素的目的是增加公众（包括非阅读的人群）对穹顶下方空间的可达度和可视度。图书馆的个性就包含在这个特别的空间之中。 The new spaces have been clearly differentiated from the existing structure by using a specific architectural vocabulary. The three main spaces (reception, passageways and reading rooms) have been treated with distinct plasticity that creates a dialogue with the monumental architecture. The operation relied on the one hand on removing parasitic elements that interfered with a reading of the original quality of the volumes, and on the other, on building a vertical movement system and creating new functional floors. The objective in removing the parasitic features was to make the volumes under the dome accessible and visible to the public, including the non-reading public. The library’s identity is embodied in this exceptional volume. Ground Floor Plan/底层平面图 © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon 巨型楼梯位于目前改建部分具有象征性意义的中心位置。其27米的高度让图书馆从一层到六层（12.04米高度）都能到达。由120根直径为12mm的不锈钢缆绳组成，这组楼梯螺旋上升，统一了建筑内部，并简化了自身的可读性。总之，它使得建筑原有穹顶更加凸显，通过对话来呈现穹顶以往的光辉。不仅仅是满足方便人们活动这样简单的初衷功能，楼梯的78个台阶也为人们相遇提供了场地。 The monumental staircase lies at the actual and symbolic heart of the rehabilitation. Its 27 meters give access to each of the library’s floors from GF+1 to GF+5 (at 12.04 m). Composed of 120 12/12 mm stays, the staircase rises in a spiral that unifies the building and simplifies how it is read. Above all, it helps reveal the building’s original dome, thus conferring on it its former glory. More than just the primary function of facilitating human movement, its 78 steps become landings where people can meet. © Vincent Fillon 为了在敞亮的空间中营造轻松氛围来鼓励阅读、工作和提升乐趣，围绕大中庭周边设置了四个平台，这样让读者在天花板下可到达的空间里找到舒适的高度感觉。垂直交通枢纽被设置在新平台的角落。这些角落，与四个原有的庭院相对应，成为了新图书馆中高效使用的交通连接中心。它们释放了原本考虑公众突发事件和安全而设计的大空间。同时，这样设计也为工作人员提供了舒适的办公条件，以及为各个大平台带来了视觉享受。 So as to provide ambient quality that encourages reading, working and conviviality in the cleared space, four platforms have been created in the perimeter around the great atrium. Replacing the former platforms, this arrangement frees up the comfortable heights under the ceiling for spaces accessible to readers. Vertical traffic hubs have been placed in the corners of the new platforms. These corners, corresponding to the four former courtyards, have thus become the nerve centers for the efficient functioning of the new library. They thus liberate the major volumes intended for the public from technical contingencies and safety. This arrangement enables comfortable working conditions for the staff and provides visual comfort for the big public platforms. Longitudinal Section/纵向剖面图 一项复杂而微妙的工作 此次修复工程的挑战是要保存好屋顶和穹顶原有工匠元素的立面，这也是这座19世纪晚期的建筑被归为历史文物的原因。 A complex and subtle job The challenge of this major rehabilitation operation was dictated by maintaining the facades with their original joinery elements in the roofs and the dome, the reasons why this late 19th-century building has been classified as an historical monument. © Vincent Fillon 除了环绕穹顶四周的院落，新的平台遍布了建筑内部，其余所有封闭和覆盖的部分都被完好保存，这是应对本项目疏散及服务供应要求而使用的一类手法。唯一进入建筑内部的渠道是位于首层的公共入口。 Except for the courtyards located on the dome’s perimeter, filled with new floors, all of the building’s closed and covered parts have been preserved, which called for a methodological approach for the evacuation and supplies required for the job, the only access being the public one on the ground floor. © Vincent Fillon 与建筑外立面形成鲜明对比，为满足一个21世纪图书馆的要求和当今规范，所有的结构元素和室内隔墙都被加以改造。最理智的方法是从建筑室外三个侧翼部位开始安置书店。为了保证稳定性，由铸铁构件和厚板梁组成的原有楼层均被由一种新的结构来取代，这种新的结构由新型连接构件和现浇混凝土楼板组成。通过这些措施可以满足高密度储存空间、墙体的抗震能力和立面的保存。 In contrast to the outer envelope, all of the structural elements and interior partitions have been transformed to meet the functional requirements of a 21st-century library and modern- day regulations. Wisdom dictated that work should start on the three exterior wings housing the book stores. So as to maintain stability, the existing floors composed of cast-iron posts and slab beams were methodically replaced by a new structure composed of mushroom posts and concrete floors poured on site. The whole made it possible to meet the new requirements for compactus storage and the seismic resistance of the walls and preserved facades. © Vincent Fillon 作为长期研究储存空间方式的案例，两层书库被保存下来。现有的两层结构从置在铸铁构件内部的金属杆件延伸开来，并附在位于最顶层的一种新的金属防火结构上。这样1895年的Lipman隔板和1950年Strafor的隔板就被保留在他们原始的位置上了。 Two-level stores have been preserved as examples of how storage methods have developed over the years. . The existing structure of these two stacked levels hangs from metal rods inserted inside the cast-iron posts and is attached to a new metal, fire-stabilized structure, installed on the last level. The Lipman (1895) and Strafor (1950) shelving has thus been preserved in their original setting. © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon 本次设计移除了穹顶上由石墙和非常重的砖组成的双层承重结构。因此我们从在外墙的四周放置新的金属结构入手。同时大型脚手架的运用也使得将原有结构中穹顶提高几毫米高度变成可能。 The project removed the dome’s double, load-bearing structure which was composed of stone walls and very thick bricks. The job therefore began by installing the new metal structure on either side of the exterior wall. At the same time the installation of monumental scaffolding made it possible to completely free the existing structures of their constraints by jacking up the dome a few millimeters. © Vincent Fillon 中庭角落的混凝土巨块和双层金属杆件从此就支撑起穹顶和所有从五层楼板边缘延伸出的混凝土平台。前方的内部庭院角落上四个楼梯井也保证了整体的结构稳定性和抗震性能。穹顶既然已经被改造更新——通过移除更替原有的每块铜板，以及在中庭添置新的黄铜肋型窗户--为能够在原有构架中悬挂起巨型楼梯，一个新的金属框架被加入了其中。 Big concrete blocks and double metal posts in the atrium’s corners henceforth support the dome and all the concrete floors that extend around the edges on five levels. The four stairwells located in the corners of the former inner courtyards also ensure the bracing and seismic stability of the whole. While the dome was being renovated — with the removal and relaying of each copper sheet — and the installation of the new atrium window with its brass ribbing, a new metal frame was added to the existing one so as to be able to hang the monumental staircase from it. © Vincent Fillon Elevation Stair/楼梯立面 这一显著元素，以8.10米为内直径，围绕椭圆空间盘旋上升，在工作坊内以箱型梁的形式分步制作而成的。这些构件一旦被植入混凝土平台，台阶的拉索在升到12米前将被分段焊接。整体结构在27.5米处从穹顶塔尖的方基开始通过120根一系列12*12拉毛不锈钢缆绳吊住。在两个圆锥形旋转的交汇点安装一个圆环就构成了楼梯整体的基本形状。在离共和广场二层高位置处，通向中庭的台阶要求彰显主阅读室特色的拱门直脚的基础结构必须支撑住。拱门被包裹在金属结构之中，这样就解放了其下方楼层空间。 This major element, coiling around aconic space with an 8.10-m inner radius, was built in segments in the form of box beams in the workshop. Once the landings were attached by sealed inserts to the concrete floors, the flights of stairs were soldered by sections on the spot before being hoisted up to 12 meters. The whole was then hung at 27.5 m from the square base of the dome’s spire by a set of 120 12/12 brushed stainless-steel cables. Its shape was obtained by installing a circular ring at the confluence point of two conical revolutions. Located on the second floor from the Place de la République,the staircase leading to the atrium required that the under-pinning of the straight feet of the arches that characterize the prestigious main reading room had to be shored up. The arches were encased in a metal structure thus freeing up space on the lower levels. © Vincent Fillon 连接地下水位的热泵被放在三个储藏侧翼空间的椽子下方。所有的液体垂直方向只通过位于书店和中庭外围新的平台之间的空间来集散，这样就不会对天花板下方的因立面原有窗户尺寸限制而形成的不规则空间的高度产生任何影响。 The heat pumps connected to the water-table are located under the rafters of the three storage wings. All fluids are distributed only vertically through the empty space created between the stores and the atrium’s new peripheral floors, thus making it possible not to have any impact on the height under the ceilings of the various spaces limited by the dimensions of the facades’ existing windows. © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon © Vincent Fillon Site Plan/场地平面图 First Floor Plan/一层平面图 Second Floor Plan/二层平面图 Third Floor Plan/三层平面图 Fourth Floor Plan/四层平面图 Fifth Floor Plan/五层平面图 North-east Elevation/东北立面 North-west Elevation/西北立面 South-east Elevation/东南立面 建筑设计：ANMA 地点：法国斯特拉斯堡共和广场 面积：18800.0平米 时间：2014年 摄影：Vincent Fillon 项目领导：Brice Chapon（竞赛），Anne Pestel（研究），Jean-Jacques Chagnaud（施工现场） 项目经理：Valérie Dubois 执行经理：Etienne Challet-Hayard 项目管理：ANMA, Agence Nicolas Michelin et Associés Nicolas Michelin, Michel Delplace, Cyril Trétout 法国文物保护建筑师：2BDM / Christophe Bottineau 环境资质：: Certification HQE standard Label Effinergie 能源公司：Geneal Engineering Office: OTE 经济学家：Michel Forgue 声学：Peutz 标识系统：LM COMMUNIQUER / LOCOMOTION 台阶：GREISCH 透视效果：Artefactory 造价：税前31,500,000欧元（以2010年5月估价）

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