岩土工程专业外语（硕士）

一. 综合类
1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程
2. foundation engineering基础工程
3. soil, earth土
4. soil mechanics土力学
cyclic loading周期荷载
unloading卸载
reloading再加载
viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基
viscous damping粘滞阻尼
shear modulus剪切模量
5. soil dynamics土动力学
6. stress path应力路径
7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学
二. 土的分类
1. residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位
2. groundwater 地下水
groundwater table地下水位
3. clay minerals粘土矿物
4. secondary minerals次生矿物
5. landslides滑坡
6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图
7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察
8. boulder漂石
9. cobble卵石
10. gravel砂石
11. gravelly sand砾砂
12. coarse sand粗砂
13. medium sand中砂
14. fine sand细砂
15. silty sand粉砂
16. clayey soil粘性土
17. clay粘土
18. silty clay粉质粘土
19. silt粉土
20. sandy silt砂质粉土
21. clayey silt粘质粉土
22. saturated soil饱和土
23. unsaturated soil非饱和土
24. fill (soil)填土
25. overconsolidated soil超固结土
26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土
27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土
28. zonal soil区域性土
29. soft clay软粘土
30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土
31. peat泥炭
32. loess黄土
33. frozen soil冻土
三. 土的基本物理力学性质
1. cc compression index
2. cu undrained shear strength
3. cu/p0′ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0′
(cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscri pts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively
4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test
5. e0 natural void ratio
6. Ip plasticity index
7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2
8. K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’
9. K0n K0 for normally consolidated state
10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition
11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient
12. kh, kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively
13. N blow count, standard penetration test
14. OCR over-consolidation ratio
15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test
16. p0′ effective overburden pressure
17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test
18. qu unconfined compressive strength
19. U, Um degree of consolidation, subscri pt m denotes mean value of a specimen
20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscri pts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively
21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively
22. σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1′andσ2′denote effective principal stresses
23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限
24. degree of saturation饱和度
25. dry unit weight干重度
26. moist unit weight湿重度
27. saturated unit weight饱和重度
28. effective unit weight有效重度
29. density密度
30. compactness密实度
31. maximum dry density最大干密度
32. optimum water content最优含水量
33. three phase diagram三相图
34. tri-phase soil三相土
35. soil fraction粒组
36. sieve analysis筛分
37. hydrometer analysis比重计分析
38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数
39. coefficient of gradation级配系数
40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土
41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土
42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统
43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会
44. AASHO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会
45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
国际土力学与岩土工程学会
四. 渗透性和渗流
1. Darcy’s law 达西定律
2. piping管涌
3. flowing soil流土
4. sand boiling砂沸
5. flow net流网
6. seepage渗透（流）
7. leakage渗流
8. seepage pressure渗透压力
9. permeability渗透性
10. seepage force渗透力
11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度
12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数
五. 地基应力和变形
1. soft soil软土
2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力
3. effective stress有效应力
4. total stress总应力
5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度
6. low activity低活性
7. sensitivity灵敏度
8. triaxial test三轴试验
9. foundation design基础设计
10. recompaction再压缩