6.2 Computation of Power and Energy need as well as energy costs 计算功率和能耗及运行造价
6.2.1 计算说明
The peak power values have been computed based on the design values for Beijing:
最大功率已经根据北京的设计值计算出来；
Winter: -12 degree; Summer 33.2 degree.冬季-12度，夏季33.2度
For the summer peak values for radiation the following values have been taken: South: 700 W/m2 // West/East: 800 W/m2, North 250 W/m2. They are for sure on the save side (see optimization).
夏季的辐射最大功率分别取：南向700 W/m2，东向或西向800 W/m2，北向250 W/m2，
这些都是很保守的值（参考优化）。
For the power and energy for the air supply, a heat recovery with an efficiency of 70% for heating and 50% for cooling has been adopted, while only 2/3 of the return air pass the heat recovery, 1/3 (kitchen return air) is exhausted directly
对送风功率和能量，采用70%的采暖回收率和50%的制冷回收率，但是只有2/3的循环空气参与热回收，1/3的空气（厨房的循环空气）直接排出。
For the computation of energy, the Climate-Surface-Software from ETHZ has been used. It is based on year sets of hourly real weather values and it completely respects the dynamic behavior of rooms. It has been tested successfully against several precisely measured buildings in operation with less than 3% deviation from the measured values. An air leakage of n=0.3 h-1 has been taken into account.节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
为了计算能量，我们使用了来自ETHZ的“气象表面”软件。这套软件是基于一年内每小时实际的气象值，它完全尊重室内的动态行为。通过与多座目前正在使用的建筑的正确测量值的对比测试，其偏差小于3%。考虑的空气置换率是0.3次/小时。
To derive the expression for the energy need for the air preparation, heating- and cooling degree days have been determined with real weather data of a year, based on 20 degree heating limit and 26 degree cooling limit. They have been corrected for the deviation of the standard heating degree days from the design value for Beijing. With this heating- and cooling degree days and an air related loss factor the energy consumption for heat and cold preparation was determined. A working number of 3 for the heat pump in heating and 2 for the heat pump in cooling was assumed.
为了计算空气制备所需的能量，采暖和制冷的天数取决于一年内实际的气象数据，基于200C的采暖界限和260C的制冷界限。这些数据对对北京的设计值中的标准采暖天数的偏差进行了修正。有了这些采暖和制冷天数以及与空气有关的损失因素，便可以确定采暖和制冷所需的能耗了
No interests and depreciations for the equipment have been taken into account.节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源没有考虑设备的增值和折旧
6.2.2 运行费用估算结果
按照5～10年里典型的北京气象条件，建筑如果能按照设计指标运行选择和施工，并按合理科学的方式进行使用，其运行费用的估算结果如表6.2.1所示：
3.3.3 Shops 商店
For the shops, the density of the internal sources: people, lighting, exhibits etc. can’t easily be forecasted. For this reason, a basic supply analog to the apartments and additional power points will be installed wherefrom additional cold can be taken. They can be used for recycling air units or for cooled ceilings: heat islands. 节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
对商店来说，由于目前还无法预见服务内容，故室内负荷不容易被预见，例如：人数、照明、展品等。为此，需要安装一个额外设备以备额外制冷之用。它们可以用于循环式空气制冷设备、外露式制冷梁等。商店中气温控制原理图如图3.3.2所示。
4 Heating and Cooling Principle 采暖和制冷设计原理绿色建筑、节能建筑、生态建筑、可持续建筑、建筑能耗、建筑能源-
Since the supply temperatures for heating and for cooling are kept moderate due to the low power densities needed, it makes sense to use a heat pump for heating as well as for cooling.
因为所需要的功率低，输送的采暖和制冷温度保持适度，才有可能使用热泵采暖和制冷。
天棚水系统原理设计图如 图 4.1所示。
5 . Air Preparation Principle 新风制备原理
Heat and cold are produced by the same heat pump as it works for the TABS. The air can be humidified and dried according to the need. It is distributed in 3 circles: 2 from the top one from the basement to keep the dimensions of the main channels low.建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
采暖和制冷由同一个热泵承担（与硂板中的水管的冷热源用一个泵）。空气能够根据需要被加湿或除湿。这分布在3个环路中：2个在地上，1个在地下，以保持主要通道的最小尺寸。
新风机如图 5.1所示，管道送配示意图如图5.2和图5.3所示。
6. Prices of Available Resources能源价格与运行费用
6.1 能源价格
• 热电暖产出投资仅为外网及换热站,不包括电厂,运行费按 16元/GJ,燃煤按从电厂购热价计算;
• 电费按0.39元/(KWh)计算; 低谷电费按0.20元/(KWh)计算;
• 燃气按价格1.4元/m3,TopEnergy建筑节能&绿色建筑论坛
• 低谷电费按0.20元/(KWh)计算;
• 燃气按价格1.4元/m3, 热值36MJ/m3计算;
全部回复（6 ）
只看楼主 我来说两句-
senring
沙发
6.2 Computation of Power and Energy need as well as energy costs 计算功率和能耗及运行造价
2007-05-26 07:35:26
赞同0
-
senring
板凳
The conditions for the apartments and the shops however are different:
2007-05-26 07:34:26
赞同0
加载更多6.2.1 计算说明
The peak power values have been computed based on the design values for Beijing:
最大功率已经根据北京的设计值计算出来；
Winter: -12 degree; Summer 33.2 degree.冬季-12度，夏季33.2度
For the summer peak values for radiation the following values have been taken: South: 700 W/m2 // West/East: 800 W/m2, North 250 W/m2. They are for sure on the save side (see optimization).
夏季的辐射最大功率分别取：南向700 W/m2，东向或西向800 W/m2，北向250 W/m2，
这些都是很保守的值（参考优化）。
For the power and energy for the air supply, a heat recovery with an efficiency of 70% for heating and 50% for cooling has been adopted, while only 2/3 of the return air pass the heat recovery, 1/3 (kitchen return air) is exhausted directly
对送风功率和能量，采用70%的采暖回收率和50%的制冷回收率，但是只有2/3的循环空气参与热回收，1/3的空气（厨房的循环空气）直接排出。
For the computation of energy, the Climate-Surface-Software from ETHZ has been used. It is based on year sets of hourly real weather values and it completely respects the dynamic behavior of rooms. It has been tested successfully against several precisely measured buildings in operation with less than 3% deviation from the measured values. An air leakage of n=0.3 h-1 has been taken into account.节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
为了计算能量，我们使用了来自ETHZ的“气象表面”软件。这套软件是基于一年内每小时实际的气象值，它完全尊重室内的动态行为。通过与多座目前正在使用的建筑的正确测量值的对比测试，其偏差小于3%。考虑的空气置换率是0.3次/小时。
To derive the expression for the energy need for the air preparation, heating- and cooling degree days have been determined with real weather data of a year, based on 20 degree heating limit and 26 degree cooling limit. They have been corrected for the deviation of the standard heating degree days from the design value for Beijing. With this heating- and cooling degree days and an air related loss factor the energy consumption for heat and cold preparation was determined. A working number of 3 for the heat pump in heating and 2 for the heat pump in cooling was assumed.
为了计算空气制备所需的能量，采暖和制冷的天数取决于一年内实际的气象数据，基于200C的采暖界限和260C的制冷界限。这些数据对对北京的设计值中的标准采暖天数的偏差进行了修正。有了这些采暖和制冷天数以及与空气有关的损失因素，便可以确定采暖和制冷所需的能耗了
No interests and depreciations for the equipment have been taken into account.节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源没有考虑设备的增值和折旧
6.2.2 运行费用估算结果
按照5～10年里典型的北京气象条件，建筑如果能按照设计指标运行选择和施工，并按合理科学的方式进行使用，其运行费用的估算结果如表6.2.1所示：
回复 举报
公寓和商场的情况是不同的
3.3.2 Apartments 公寓
• 住宅的公用走道、门厅、电梯间应设分体式空调器（一拖多机），以减少公用场合的空气含湿量（相对湿度），防止每户户门内的项部出现局部结露的可能性（尤其是阴雨天），并提高公用部分的舒适度）。节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑源
• 每栋楼的新风系统，应配用全热式空气换热器（热回收），不宜用显热式。建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源8n
• 每户如果用分户计量（冷、热）方式，宜用远传计费式计量表（因集合器及计量表都在户内，查表进户不方便），远传终端可设在物业管理部门或每栋楼的管理室
3.3.3 Shops 商店
For the shops, the density of the internal sources: people, lighting, exhibits etc. can’t easily be forecasted. For this reason, a basic supply analog to the apartments and additional power points will be installed wherefrom additional cold can be taken. They can be used for recycling air units or for cooled ceilings: heat islands. 节能,建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
对商店来说，由于目前还无法预见服务内容，故室内负荷不容易被预见，例如：人数、照明、展品等。为此，需要安装一个额外设备以备额外制冷之用。它们可以用于循环式空气制冷设备、外露式制冷梁等。商店中气温控制原理图如图3.3.2所示。
4 Heating and Cooling Principle 采暖和制冷设计原理绿色建筑、节能建筑、生态建筑、可持续建筑、建筑能耗、建筑能源-
Since the supply temperatures for heating and for cooling are kept moderate due to the low power densities needed, it makes sense to use a heat pump for heating as well as for cooling.
因为所需要的功率低，输送的采暖和制冷温度保持适度，才有可能使用热泵采暖和制冷。
天棚水系统原理设计图如 图 4.1所示。
5 . Air Preparation Principle 新风制备原理
Heat and cold are produced by the same heat pump as it works for the TABS. The air can be humidified and dried according to the need. It is distributed in 3 circles: 2 from the top one from the basement to keep the dimensions of the main channels low.建筑节能,绿色建筑,节能建筑,生态建筑,可持续建筑,建筑能耗,建筑能源
采暖和制冷由同一个热泵承担（与硂板中的水管的冷热源用一个泵）。空气能够根据需要被加湿或除湿。这分布在3个环路中：2个在地上，1个在地下，以保持主要通道的最小尺寸。
新风机如图 5.1所示，管道送配示意图如图5.2和图5.3所示。
6. Prices of Available Resources能源价格与运行费用
6.1 能源价格
• 热电暖产出投资仅为外网及换热站,不包括电厂,运行费按 16元/GJ,燃煤按从电厂购热价计算;
• 电费按0.39元/(KWh)计算; 低谷电费按0.20元/(KWh)计算;
• 燃气按价格1.4元/m3,TopEnergy建筑节能&绿色建筑论坛
• 低谷电费按0.20元/(KWh)计算;
• 燃气按价格1.4元/m3, 热值36MJ/m3计算;
回复 举报