翻译的实际

翻译的实际是指研习翻译者着手翻译而言，下面这些实例包括各种文词上具有代表性的练习功能，有英译中者，亦有中译英者，但均有中英对照，并加注释，以利读者参考。当然，一个句子可有几种翻译，这里文句仅举一种译文(Version)其他由读者自己去构思，以收练习之效。

1.

　　
　　For true education goes far beyond facts. It means more than (1) classrooms and lectures and examinations Education also means experience and faith, courage and understanding. Most of all it means the ability to think and act. These are the qualities which translate dead knowledge into living wisdom. They are what make our "guesses"(2) turn out to be right.

[注释］
(1)此处的more than是不仅...；不止于...之意。
(2)"guesses"：注意此字在文中所加之引号，意指错误的推断。
[译文]
　　真正的教育不仅是把事实告之于人，也不仅是在教室里上课，考几堂考试而已。真正的教育应该包括经验、信心、勇气和谅解，其大部份可名之为思想与行动的能力。具备了这些素质，才能使呆板的知识变成活的智慧，才能领略读书的真义，这样才能使我们的推断不致发生错误。


2.

　　
　　The Han dynasty, dating from 202 B. C., next won(1) control of China. Han rulers governed for all but(2) a few of the next 400 years. During the first part of the dynasty，Han warriors battled wandering tribes that lived just beyond China’s northern and western borders. By about 100 B. C.the Hah armies had beaten these tribes and seized their lands. China now equaled the Roman Empire in size and power. Trade flourished between these two great-powers. Rugs from Persia decorated the Han emperor’s palace, and the wives of Roman nobles wore Chinese silk.

[注释]
(1)next won：此处指接着或相继统冶之意。
(2)all but：除……之外……全有。
[译文]
　　汉朝从纪元的二O二年起，接着统治中国汉朝的统治者除了少数几年外统治其后四百年。当汉初时，汉朝的战士们，与一些迁移不定的部落交战，这些部落居住于中国西北边 界之外。大约纪元前一OO年，汉军击败这些部落，并占领其土地，至此中国在疆域与声威上与罗马帝国相。频繁的贸易畅通于大强国之间，汉宫中铺饰着波斯地毯，罗马贵族的妻室穿着中国丝绸。


3.

　　
　　It is a platitude (1) to observe that it is not science itself that is destabilizing (2) and it is not science that is the direct agent for evil. It is, instead, man’s techno-logical application of scientific knowledge that should be the focus of attention. But the layman has the right to ask not only whether technology can be controlled but also whether the underlying science (3) that made the technology possible can be controlled.

[注释]
(1)platitude：平凡的看法或通常的看法
(2)destabilizing：不平衡现象
(3)the underlying science：基本科学
[译文]
　　通常的看法是不平衡现象不是科学本身所造成；罪恶祸害也不是科学直接促成的。而是人对科学知识在技术上的运用不当所致，这是应该注意的焦点所在。但是，外行人士也有权过问技术是否可以控制，以及促成技术的基本科学是否可以控制。


4.

　　
　　Dragon Boat Festival (1) ：so called because of the unique race of dragon boats breathtakingly fighting(2) for the coveted (3) prizes offered to the winners on the occasion, it is an unusually attractive and exciting event observed annually in China on the 5th of the fifth lunar month, corresponding to June 15, during which brightly colored dragonbedecked boats race in a classic regatta(4) competing for supremacy. The race is made all the more exciting by the violent beating of Chinese gongs and drums and the wild cheering of the crowd. As numthe date and the month happen to bear the same both her, i.e., 5, it is also called the festival of the "double five" or "double fifth."

[注释]
(1)Dragon Boat Festival：龙舟节；端午节；重五节
(2)breathtakingly fighting(for)：为……奋不顾身
(3)coveted：垂涎的
(4)classic regatta：古典赛艇会

[译文]
　　所谓龙舟节，乃是因独特的龙舟大赛而命名。这一天与赛的人奋不顾身，垂涎优胜大奖。在中国每逢农历五月五日，也就是约在阳历的六月十五日，便可观赏到这非常令人兴奋而着迷的大事。这一天五彩缤纷的龙舟大赛以古典赛艇会的方式举行，极其竞赛的能事。比赛中锣鼓喧天，欢呼声震耳，因而令人更加兴奋。因为这一天的日期与月份的号次都是[五]，故又称之为[重五师]——端午节。