材料简介

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论文简介： The fundamental particles of matter combine to form over 100 elements. Each element consists of a nucleus (which itself consists of a number of elementary particles) and a number of electrons, which are negatively charged particles. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in a manner somewhat similar to the planets revolving around the sun. However, whereas each planet has a separate orbit, a number of electrons revolve around the nucleus in the same orbit. The number of electrons that can revolve in each orbit increases as we go outwards from the nucleus. The innermost orbit, or shell, can hold a maximum of two electrons, the next can hold a maximum of eight electrons, the next after that a maximum of sixteen electrons, and so on.