公厕设计：简洁有效的“圆环”布局，颠覆传统印象……

深圳湾海风运动广场公厕

CCDI 21设计工作室

项目概况

面朝大海的环形城市观景台，位于深圳市南山区的滨海中心地带，南临滨海活动草坪，北靠市民公共停车场，东侧为市民的智能健身区，西侧为景观树阵与硬地广场，掩映在深圳湾公园约13公里长的滨海景观带中，坐拥便利的交通和良好的滨海景观。作为一座在原址拆除重建的公共建筑，基本功能包含全天候对公园游客开放的公共卫生间和冲凉室等，是对于深圳湾公园海风运动广场公厕的公益性设计提升，自 2023 年5月1日起开始服务周边市民及来访游客。

Project Overview - The circular city observation platform facing the sea is located in the coastal center of Nanshan District, Shenzhen. It is adjacent to the coastal activity lawn in the south, the public parking lot in the north, the intelligent fitness area for citizens in the east, and the landscape tree array and hard ground square in the west. It is set off in the coastal landscape belt of Shenzhen Bay Park about 13 kilometers long, with convenient transportation and a good coastal landscape. As a public building demolished and rebuilt at the original site, its basic functions include public toilets and shower rooms that are open to tourists in the park all day long. It is an improvement of public welfare design for the public toilets in Haifeng Sports Square of Shenzhen Bay Park and has served the surrounding citizens and visitors since May 1, 2023.

项目概览 ?TAL

原状分析

① 原公厕建筑形象较为厚重，与滨海景观不相融。

② 功能流线不合理：男女厕所共用同一通道出入，在人流量大的公园使用不便。

③ 厕所内部走道狭小，设施简陋，且卫生设施不足，其中：男厕卡位8个，小便位6个；女厕卡位13个；无第三卫生间和母婴室。据工作人员反映，公园人流量大，女厕排长队现象时有发生。

④ 缺少人文关怀：原建筑虽有局部架空空间，却未提供任何可供游客、清洁工人或公园工作人员休息的设施和空间。

Analysis of the original state - ① The original public toilet building had a thick and heavy image, which was not compatible with the coastal landscape. ②Unreasonable functional streamline: Male and female toilets shared the same channel for entry and exit, making it inconvenient to use in parks with high pedestrian flow.③The internal walkway of the toilet was narrow, the facilities were rudimentary, and the hygiene facilities were insufficient. Among them, there were 8 male restroom slots and 6 urinal slots; 13 female toilet slots; There was no third bathroom or mother and-baby room. According to staff reports, there was a high flow of people in the park, and the phenomenon of long queues in women's toilets often occured.④Lack of humanistic care: Although the original building had partially elevated spaces, it did not provide any facilities and space for tourists, cleaning workers, or park staff to rest.

项目鸟瞰 ?TAL

设计目标

针对原公厕存在的问题，我们对新设计提出几个要求：

① 结合场地特征，将建筑融入环境。

② 结合游客需要，增加厕位，并提供淋浴、第三卫生间、母婴室等更多服务。

③ 改变公厕传统印象，为市民提供以人为本的休憩场所。

Design objectives - In response to the problems existing in the original public toilets, we propose several requirements for the new design: ① Combining the characteristics of the site and integrating the building into the environment. ② Based on the needs of tourists, increase toilet spaces and provide more services such as showers, third bathrooms, and mother and baby rooms. ③ Change the traditional impression of public toilets and provide citizens with a people-oriented resting place.

由公园看项目 ?TAL

活力之环

方案以一个圆环回应场地的开放性，方便从各个方向进入场地的人们使用建筑，促进建筑与环境之间的亲近感。围绕环形空间，东侧布置男厕，西侧布置女厕，其中女厕卡位增加至22个；紧靠景观轴线东侧的是淋浴功能组团，景观轴线西侧的是母婴室、第三卫生间、环卫工人休息室、工具间功能组团。

环廊串联各个功能，形成简洁有效的布局。除了满足基本的厕所功能，还创造了可供游客休息等候的灰空间，同时把建筑屋面也作为一个绿化空间与环境相融，在此基础上，通过屋顶坡度的变化，游客可以拾级而上，听风且望海。

The Ring of Vitality - The project responds to the openness of the site with a circular ring, making it convenient for people entering from all directions to use the building and promoting a sense of closeness between the building and the environment. Surrounding the circular space, a men's restroom is arranged on the east side and a women's restroom is arranged on the west side, with the number of women's restroom slots increased to 22; On the east side of the landscape axis the shower function group, while on the west side of the landscape axis is the mother and baby room, third bathroom, sanitation worker lounge, and tool room function group. The circular corridor connects various functions to form a simple and effective layout. In addition to meeting basic toilet functions, it also creates a gray space for tourists to rest and wait, while integrating the building roof as a green space with the environment. On this basis, through changes in roof slope, tourists can climb up the stairs, listen to the wind, and view the sea.

顶视图 ?TAL

屋顶平台顶视图 ?TAL

檐下廊与半亩园

深远的水平挑檐在圆环外侧形成2.4米宽的环廊，各功能组团之间的留白形成一幅幅框景，它们共同创造连贯通透的灰空间。在用厕高峰时人们可以围着环廊排队，避免日晒雨淋，同时，檐廊下从墙体生长出来的座椅，方便人们休息等候，在闲暇时，可以坐着吹着海风，欣赏周边风景。中心环抱的圆形庭院直径约18米，开放向绿色的草坪，在天空中形成一幅巨大的框景，能看见蓝天、白云、绿树和飞鸟。圆形的院落还适合孩子们奔跑游戏，内侧1.2米宽的环廊可供家长在廊下进行视线守望，给孩子们与家长提供了一个开放的易于看护的活动空间。

Eave corridors and courtyards - The profound horizontal eaves form a 2.4-meter-wide circular corridor on the outer side of the circular ring, and the blank spaces between various functional groups form a framed landscape, creating a coherent and transparent gray space together. During peak toilet hours, people can queue around the circular corridor to avoid exposure to sunlight and rain. At the same time, the chairs growing from the wall under the eaves corridor facilitate people's rest and waiting. In their leisure time, they can sit and enjoy the surrounding scenery while blowing the sea breeze. The circular courtyard surrounded by the center has a diameter of about 18 meters and opens to a green lawn, forming a huge framed view of the sky, where blue sky, white clouds, green trees, and birds can be seen. The circular courtyard is also suitable for children to run and play, and the 1.2-meter-wide circular corridor on the inner side allows parents to watch out under the corridor, providing an open and easy-to-take care of activity space for children and parents.

中心环抱的圆形庭院直径约18米 ?TAL

环廊 ?TAL

深圳湾畔的环形城市观景台

拾级而上的木制台阶尽可能做的舒缓，利于市民舒适行走。台阶及观景平台两侧均种上芦苇，使人们在观景时始终处于一片绿意之中。同时绿化屋面为城市提供良好的“第五立面”景观，有效调节地块的整体微气候。面朝大海的环形城市观景台成为了市民们“东临碣石，以观沧海”的一个绝佳的城市观景点，合影拍照打卡地；也给滨海的草地运动场提供了一个天然的城市看台，为每年的春节迎新跑提供了一个良好的领跑台，而不用再另搭建临时领跑台；为音乐节等城市公共活动提供了一个良好的公共场所。

Circular city observation platform in Shenzhen Bay - The wooden steps that climb up the stairs should be made as gentle as possible, which is beneficial for citizens to walk comfortably. Reeds are planted on both sides of the steps and observation platform, keeping people in a green atmosphere during the viewing. At the same time, green roofs provide a good "fifth facade" landscape for the city, effectively regulating the overall microclimate of the plot. The circular city observation deck facing the sea has become an excellent city observation spot for citizens to "view the sea from Jieshi to the east", and is a place for group photos and check-in; It also provides a natural urban stand for the grassland sports field on the seaside, providing a good starting point for the annual Spring Festival welcome run, without the need to build a temporary starting point; It provides a good public place for urban public activities such as music festivals.

拾级而上的木制台阶 ?TAL

城市观景台 ?TAL

立面材料控制

设计希望建筑消隐在环境中，而不是在场地凸显成为主角，立面基调上，自然质朴的清水混凝土无疑是一种很好的选择，使建筑能以谦逊的姿态与环境相融，但方案深化过程中考虑到项目的施工难度与成本控制，采用了干挂清水混凝土板来替代，也方便后期维护与保养。在男、女厕洗手区及高窗部分，采用木色百叶进行点缀，保证自然通风的前提下，并起到一定的遮蔽视线的作用，同时木色也能为灰色的清水混凝土增添几分亲切感。

Facade Materials - The design hopes that the building will disappear in the environment, rather than become the protagonist on the site. In terms of facade tone, natural and simple plain concrete is undoubtedly a good choice, allowing the building to blend in with the environment with a humble attitude. However, during the deepening process of the plan, considering the construction difficulty and cost control of the project, dry-hanging plain concrete slabs were used to replace it, which is also convenient for later maintenance and upkeep. In the men's and women's restrooms, the hand washing area and high windows are decorated with wooden louvers to ensure natural ventilation and to a certain extent block the view. At the same time, the wooden color can also add a touch of familiarity to the gray plain concrete.

深远的水平挑檐在圆环外侧形成2.4米宽的环廊 ? TAL

立面 ?TAL

使用后评价与反思

变消极的传统公厕为积极的城市公共空间，为市民提供以人为本的休憩场所，新建筑实现了设计初始的构想。在建筑正式投入使用后，结合现场使用情况，我们发现有几处问题是需要反思和改进的：①内庭檐廊和屋顶平台可以适当增加座椅，方便市民休憩与观景；②设计之初对屋顶的处理更多的是服从形体的需要，而没有设置坡道，现场发现有父母推着婴儿车到屋顶观景平台，后期应该在台阶上增加坡道，方便带着婴儿的父母或者残障人士到达顶部；③为了营造漂浮感，出挑的座椅高度为600，在尺度上不方便儿童使用；④屋顶绿化未按设计采用滴灌，后期养护不便；⑤屋顶内外环排水沟在地面部分未做防护措施，儿童容易在其上嬉戏，存在安全隐患。

Evaluation and Reflection - Transforming passive traditional public toilets into active urban public spaces, providing citizens with a people-oriented resting place, the new building has achieved the initial design concept. After the building was officially put into use and combined with the on-site usage situation, we found several issues that need to be reflected on and improved: ① seats can be appropriately added to the eaves gallery and roof platform of the inner courtyard to facilitate citizens' rest and observation; ② At the beginning of the design, the treatment of the roof was more in accordance with the needs of the body, without setting up ramps. It was found that some parents were pushing strollers to the roof observation platform, and in the later stage, ramps should be added on the steps to facilitate parents or disabled people with babies to reach the top; ③ In order to create a sense of floating, the height of the protruding seat is 600, which is not convenient for children to use in terms of scale; ④ Roof greening did not adopt drip irrigation according to the design, which is inconvenient for later maintenance; ⑤ The internal and external drainage ditches on the roof are not protected on the ground, making it easy for children to play on them, posing a safety hazard.

洗手池 ?TAL

公厕内部 ?TAL

结语

凭风望海，春暖花开。环形的城市观景台融入公园环境，改变公厕传统印象，为市民提供人性化的休憩场所，更为市民提供了一处风景绝佳的观海胜地，同时为海风运动广场南侧的运动场地与草坪提供了一处天然的城市看台。感谢参与这个公益性项目的参建各方的每一个人的无私帮助与不计得失的大力投入。

Conclusion - Watching the sea with the wind, spring flowers bloom. The circular urban observation deck integrates into the park environment, changing the traditional impression of public toilets, providing citizens with a humanized resting place, and also providing citizens with an excellent sea view resort. At the same time, it provides a natural urban stand for the sports ground and lawn on the south side of Haifeng Sports Square. Thank you to everyone involved in this public welfare project for their selfless help and strong investment, regardless of gain or loss.

夜景鸟瞰 ?TAL

项目图纸

总平面图 ? CCDI21设计工作室

平面图 ? CCDI21设计工作室

立面图与剖面图 ? CCDI21设计工作室

剖面图细部 ? CCDI21设计工作室

结构详图 ? CCDI21设计工作室

结构详图 ? CCDI21设计工作室