大型会议专用场馆—— 德国·Heidelberg会议中心

科学与研究之城海德堡现在拥有了第一个大型会议专用场馆。总部位于巴塞尔的建筑事务所 Degelo Architekten 设计了一座极具特色的建筑，从外观上看，这座建筑紧凑而朴素，但实际上却拥有复杂而多面的内部结构。

Heidelberg, the city of science and research, now has its first major dedicated congress and convention venue. The Basel-based architectural bureau Degelo Architekten has developed a characterful building that on the exterior appears compact and plain, but turns out to have a complex and many-faceted interior.

即使在当今的数字世界中，大会和交易会也发挥着重要作用：人们希望在个人层面上会面和互动。这一点在科学和研究领域尤为重要，但在涉及政治、经济和文化的领域也是如此，因为这有利于建立联系和知识转让。迄今为止，在德国历史悠久的大学城海德堡还没有专门用于举办此类活动的场地，以前只能使用剧院和市政厅。Degelo Architekten 公司现在开发了一个可适应多种活动形式的会议中心。每天可同时容纳约 3,800 人参加会议、研讨会、大会或 BarCamps。

Congresses and trade fairs play an important role, even in today’s digital world: people want to meet and interact on a personal level. This is especially important in science and research circles, but also where politics, economy, and culture are involved, as it is beneficial for networking and knowledge transfer. A dedicated venue for such events has, until now, not been available in the historic German university city of Heidelberg, where previously the theatre and town hall had to be used for these purposes. Degelo Architekten have now developed a congress center that can be adapted to multiple event formats. Some 3,800 people can simultaneously take part in conferences, symposia, meetings, or BarCamps on any given day.

海德堡会议中心毗邻位于该市新区 “铁路城”（Bahnstadt）的火车总站。多层砂岩建筑的落地玻璃入口朝向火车站南面新开发的公共广场 “Europaplatz”。入口处的玻璃区域略微向建筑内凹入，形成了一个小前庭，外立面的折痕和屋顶向东逐渐变细的边缘进一步增强了视觉效果。

The Heidelberg Congress Center is close to the main railway station in the city’s new “Bahnstadt” (“Railway City”) quarter. The floor-to-ceiling glass entrance of the multistorey sandstone building faces towards the also newly developed public square that lies just south of the railway station, the “Europaplatz”. A small forecourt is created by the glassed area of the entrance being slightly recessed into the building, and the visual relief that provides is further enhanced by a crease in the facade and the gradually tapering edge of the roof towards the east.

第二个入口位于建筑的西侧，面向 Zollhofgarten（一个大型公共绿地，周围有咖啡馆、酒吧和餐馆）。这些朝向两个开放空间的开孔使建筑具有代表性，同时又不乏吸引力，尽管它原本是一个紧凑的整体。尽管该建筑完美地反映了周边地区的建筑线条，并因此与班恩施塔特的其他建筑群完美地融为一体，但其设计却使其成为一个公共场所。外立面在其中发挥了重要作用。

The same principle can be found at the second entrance, which is on the western side of the building and faces the Zollhofgarten – a large public green, surrounded by cafés, bars, and restaurants. These apertures towards the two open spaces give the structure a representative, but at the same time inviting character, despite its otherwise monolithic compactness. Even though it reflects the building lines of the surrounding area perfectly, and thereby integrates seamlessly into the ensemble of the other Bahnstadt buildings, its design marks it out as a public venue. An important role in this is played by the facade.

如幕布般的外墙：巨大的砂岩显得轻盈而充满活力。与著名的海德堡城堡和这座城市的许多历史建筑一样，这座建筑的外墙也是用当地的红色内卡河谷硬质砂岩砌成的，这种砂岩在当地已有一千多年的开采历史。然而，在设计和技术方面，这些石材的后续处理方法却有着显著的不同。

A facade like a curtain: massive sandstone appears light and vibrant. The facade is – like the famous Heidelberg Castle, and many of the city’s historic buildings – made from the local red Neckar Valley hard sandstone, which has been quarried in the region for over a thousand years. Significant differences can be seen, however, in the subsequent treatment of the stone when it comes to design and technique.

几乎没有窗户的外墙没有直接显示后面有几层楼，只有入口处可以看到门厅和一楼的画廊。巨大的砂岩具有垂直的微波结构。这给人一种剧院幕布的感觉，由此产生的光影交错为原本坚固的石材增添了一丝空气感。楞上的炭化痕迹是石匠的传统技艺，先用数字磨光，再用手工磨掉。这种粗糙的表面处理方式使砂岩细腻的黄色大理石纹成为背景特征。相比之下，入口处的凹槽和几个水滴形的窗洞则光滑细腻，使大理石花纹清晰可见。

The almost windowless facade shows no direct indication of the number of stories behind it – only the entrances allow for glimpses into the foyers and the gallery on the first floor. The massive sandstone has a vertical, slightly waved structure. This gives the impression of a theatre curtain, and the resulting interplay of light and shadow provides the otherwise solid stone with a touch of airiness. The fluting’s charring – a traditional stonemason’s technique – was honed digitally and then manually broken off. This coarse treatment of the surface results in the fine, yellow marbling of the sandstone being reduced to a background feature. In contrast, the entrance recesses and a few, drop-shaped window openings are smooth and finely polished, which makes the marbling clearly visible.

光线为内部提供了舞台。建筑外部窗户稀疏，显得十分紧凑，而内部空间则光线充足，空气流通，几乎是非物质化的。一进入近 20 米高带天窗的门厅，这种感觉就会油然而生，而同样近乎全高的 “中央大厅 ”则更加突出了这一点。自然光从拱形天花板两端的椭圆形开口射入大厅，这使得用于建筑的混凝土看起来就像一块垂坠的纺织材料--窗帘的图案在这里再次出现。这个空间最多可容纳 1800 人。

Light sets the stage on the inside. While the outside of the building with its sparse placing of windows appears compact, the interior surprises with light and airy spaces that almost seem dematerialized. This impression is first provided upon entering the almost 20-meter-high foyer with its skylights and is emphasized in the equally almost full-height “central hall”, which undoubtedly is the main protagonist when it comes to the setting of the interior spaces. Natural light enters it through elliptic openings on the respective ends of the vaulted ceiling, which makes the concrete used for the construction almost appear like a draped piece of textile material – the motif of the curtain is repeated here once more. This space can accommodate up to 1,800 people.

除了天窗之外，玻璃入口处也让大量自然光进入建筑深处，从而通过光与影的巧妙交织，将室内空间的众多视线巧妙地安排在一起。用手工吹制的乳白色玻璃制成的圆形天花板灯也是一个有趣的元素，这些天花板灯像肥皂泡一样悬挂在空中，其隐藏的 LED 灯可以根据所需的照明类型进行数字控制。

Apart from the skylights, the glassed entrances let lots of natural light enter deep into the building – thereby staging the artful arrangement of the interior spaces with its many sightlines through a sophisticated interplay of light and shadow. A playful element can be found in the round ceiling lamps, made from hand-blown opal glass, which hangs suspended in the air like soap bubbles – and whose hidden LED lighting can be digitally controlled according to what kind of illumination is required.

建筑的公共区域几乎一律采用白色：白色混凝土和明亮的水磨石地板是主要的色彩概念。唯一的、也是触觉上的对比是榆木的暖色调门和细节，在一些较小的房间（如一楼的 “小厅”）中也使用了榆木镶板。黑色和深色调只出现在直播室、表演厨房和卫生设施中。

The public areas of the building are almost uniformly white: white concrete and bright terrazzo flooring dominate the color concept. The only, also haptic contrasts are provided by the warm tones of the doors and details in Elmwood, which is also used as paneling in some of the smaller rooms (such as the “small hall” on the first floor). Black and darker tones can only be found in the studio for live-streaming, the show kitchen, and the sanitary facilities.

低矮与高大、近距离与宽阔空间之间的交替使用，给人留下了耐人寻味的室内空间印象。不过，这一设计理念的决定性因素是，在举办各种形式和规模的活动时，无论是科学大会或听证会，还是小型剧院演出或音乐会--都可能同时举行，因此，这座建筑必须具有最大程度的灵活性。必要时，两个入口及其各自的门厅可以在不相互影响的情况下分别举办活动。海德堡会议中心总共有两个大会议厅和九个会议场所，其中一些还可以相互连接，此外还有一个用于现场直播和视频制作的演播室以及一个表演厨房。二楼的一个亮点是在屋顶上设置了一个露天剧场式的庭院。

An intriguing impression of the interior spaces is achieved using an exciting interchange between low and very high, close and wide spaces. The decisive element to this concept was, however, that the house had to have the highest degree of flexibility when it came to the use for events of all manner and sizes, be it scientific congresses or hearings, smaller theatre performances, or concerts – which might be taking place all at the same time. When necessary, the two entrances with their respective foyers make it possible to run separate events without any interaction taking place. In all, the Heidelberg Congress Center offers two large halls and nine conference venues, of which some can be interlinked, a studio for live-streaming and video production, as well as a show kitchen. A highlight can be found on the second floor, where a courtyard was set amphitheatre-like into to roof.

效果：经久耐用，可持续发展。无柱式布局提供了高度的灵活性，使其不仅适用于大型或小型活动，而且在未来还可广泛用于其他用途--这对建筑的生命周期产生了积极影响，从而也减少了对环境的影响。这也是其紧凑型设计的优势所在：表面积和内部容积之间的比例非常合理。此外，还尽量减少了流通区域，从而实现了建筑面积的高效利用。支撑结构由再生混凝土制成，用于储存较少的灰能量，从而提供一个热惰性体，有利于使用过程中的能量平衡。

The effect: durable and sustainable. The high degree of flexibility provided by the column-free layouts makes them ideal for not only larger or smaller events, but in future also for a wide range of other uses – which has a positive effect on the building’s life cycle, and therefore also on its environmental footprint. This is also where its compact design comes to the fore: a beneficial ratio between surface area and interior volume. The circulation areas were also kept to a minimum, which allows for a highly efficient use of floor space. The supporting structure is made from recycled concrete and is used to store a reduced amount of grey energy, thus providing a thermally inert mass that benefits the energy balance during use.

除了入口处的大面积玻璃外，大部分外墙都没有被破坏，这对能源平衡起到了积极的作用，因为它还起到了蓄热的作用。空调系统使用最少的一次能源，并利用夜间制冷和余热回收原理。能源概念的基本中心思想是：通过有效利用当地的可再生资源，最大限度地减少需求，满足并产生剩余需求。海德堡会议中心按照 Passivhaus 规范进行规划，并努力使该建筑获得德国可持续建筑协会颁发的黄金标准认证。

The – except for the generously glassed entrances – mostly unbroken facade contributes positively to the energy balance, as it also acts as a storage mass. The air-conditioning uses a minimum of primary energy and utilizes the principles of night-time cooling and waste heat recovery. The fundamental central idea for the energy concept was: to minimize the demand and meet and generate the remaining demand through the efficient use of local and renewable resources. The Heidelberg Congress Center was planned to Passivhaus specifications, and it is endeavoured that the building will receive the gold standard certification presented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB – German Society for Sustainable Building).

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