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新一代的智慧复合型图书馆：“皱、漏、瘦、透”的巨石设计手法

发布于：2024-01-22 14:18:22 来自：建筑设计/建筑方案设计 [复制转发]

中国上海——上海图书馆东馆，全球人口第三大城市的新地标和文化目的地，现已开幕。由 Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects（以下简称为“SHL建筑事务所”）设计的上海图书馆东馆是世界上较大的新建图书馆之一。作为一个以艺术、文化和科技驱动知识分享的平台，上海图书馆东馆是当代图书馆飞速发展的成果体现。

与此同时，它致敬了中国的文化传统——太湖石——由此，文化遗产在空间中得到传承。“设计这座对上海市民充满重要意义的文化地标，我们的理念是‘从书籍到交集’—— 一个能够将人们聚集在一起的空间。这是城市对市民的馈赠。” SHL 建筑事务所董事、设计总监 Chris Hardie 说。

Shanghai Library East, a new civic landmark and cultural destination in the world’s third most populous city, has opened. Designed by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects (SHL), Shanghai Library East is one of the largest new libraries in the world. Its primary function as a center of art, culture, and technology-driven learning reflects the modern library’s rapidly changing raison d’être. At the same time, its allusion to classical Chinese scholarship—the building’s form conjures the scholar’s rock of the ancient literati—anchors it in tradition. “This important cultural center for the citizens of Shanghai embraces the idea of ‘collection to connection’—a space to bring people together. It’s the city’s gift to them,” says Chris Hardie, design director and chief architect for SHL.

林中璞玉

自晋朝起，太湖石就深受古代文人学者的喜爱，并为他们的创作提供了源源不断的灵感。太湖石“皱、漏、瘦、透”的形态是中国古代哲学“道法自然、天人合一”的体现。上海图书馆东馆的建筑设计、室内设计和功能划分都能让人们自然而然地联想到中式园林中的奇山异石：建筑主体就像一块被雕琢过的玉石，漂浮在一片翠绿的树冠之上；内部空间犹如太湖石般相互连通，是人们探索和分享知识的源泉。

A Scholar’s Rock in a Chinese Garden Taihu stones, or scholars’ rocks, served as muses for the Jin dynasty intelligentsia—sources of creative inspiration and meditation. They were prized for their abstract qualities, perforated surfaces, eroded hollows, and unique textures. In its architecture, interior design, and programming, Shanghai Library East evokes a scholar’s rock in a Chinese garden: a polyhedral stone enveloped in an emerald tree canopy; a naturally occurring network of interconnected interior spaces; a wellspring of knowledge, inquiry, and discovery.

“上海图书馆东馆的设计重新诠释了中华文化中一种重要的美学符号，对建筑师来说这是一次非常珍贵的机会。”项目建筑师林婧说道：“古时候，学者们聚集在太湖石周围观察它们的竣削的孔穴、斑驳的纹理和奇特的造型，凹凸曲折、玲珑透空的石头在不同角度下呈现不同的画面，让人浮想联翩。今天，读者在图书馆相互交错的空间中行走、阅读、思考，也将获得类似的启发和体验。”

“This library was a unique opportunity to reinterpret a cherished Chinese symbol through architecture and design,” says project architect Jing Lin. “In ancient times, scholars would gather around Taihu stones, deriving inspiration from their edges, curvatures, canyons, and tunnels, which seemed to shift when viewed from different vantage points. Similarly, as visitors move about Shanghai Library East, their views of its interconnecting spaces shapeshift.”

图书馆的外观以含蓄的手法向印刷术致以敬意。建筑外立面的抽象图案选自 15 张大理石纹路的照片，通过数码打印玻璃技术被“装订”在图书馆“封面”。光线穿过这些打印而成的半透明玻璃立面，照亮了内部空间——就像读到一本好书，点亮了心灵。

The library’s exterior pays homage to printed literature through an even subtler symbolism. An abstract motif depicting 15 photographs of marble swirls “printed” onto the fa?ade’s glass panels represents the library’s “cover.” Arranged in horizontal bands of varying transparency, these etched panels allow light to penetrate deep into the building, illuminating the space—and, like a good book, enlightening the mind.

以人为本

上海图书馆东馆不仅拥有大量藏书，每年还将为 400 多万访客举办 200 余场讲座和上千场的各类学术活动。在这个 11.5 万平方米开放、灵活和互联的空间里，知识通过各种形式被传授和分享。

A Place for the People of ShanghaiAlthough it houses multifarious books, Shanghai Library East will also host more than 1,200 lectures, seminars, performances, events, and hands-on activities for upward of 4 million visitors annually. This panoply of programs will be facilitated by 115,000 square meters of open, flexible, and interconnected environments.

宏伟的中庭空间使用竹子、橡木和水磨石营造出开阔而温暖的氛围，热情地欢迎到访的读者。不同楼层不同位置的中庭空间层叠交错、盘旋而上，七个楼层从视觉上被连接在了一起。首层大厅就像一个社区集市，有书店和咖啡厅，还可以举办各类活动和展览。“图书馆是众多社区的精神支柱，已然成为我们生活中密不可分的一部分。这就是为什么我们将其称为‘第三空间’——图书馆是一个介于家和办公室之间的高度个人化的场所。”Chris说道。

On the main level, a grand central atrium welcomes guests into a vast yet warm and inviting atmosphere of bamboo, oak, and terrazzo. Overhead, the floors stack and interlock—an architectural strategy to visually connect each of the library’s seven levels. The lower floor serves as an agora, or central plaza, hosting various events, exhibitions, a bookstore, and a café. “Libraries have long formed the backbone of many communities, becoming an integral part of our lives. It’s why we refer to them as the ‘third space’—a highly personal place that exists between our home and our work,” Hardie says.

从外部看，图书馆似乎“漂浮”在两个功能体块之上：其中一个包含了五座报告厅、展览和活动空间，另一个则为少儿阅览区，有内庭院和户外游乐空间。体块顶部是户外景观阅览区，挑檐能够保护读者免受雨淋。读者在学习知识之余，还可以欣赏到上海标志性的陆家嘴天际线和市区内最大绿地——世纪公园的全景。

“上海图书馆东馆的定位是新一代的智慧复合型图书馆。这里不仅是‘藏书楼’ ‘借阅室’，更是开放的文化艺术空间。”上海图书馆馆长陈超说：“展览、讲座、音乐、艺术、科技体验甚至进入上图东馆本身，就是一种‘阅读’。”

From the exterior, the library appears to “float” above two pavilions—one housing a 1,200-seat theater, exhibition, and events space; the other housing a children’s library with a central courtyard and outdoor play spaces. Atop the pavilions are outdoor landscaped reading rooms with roofs to protect visitors from rain. Visitors enjoy panoramic views of the iconic Shanghai skyline and Century Park, the city’s largest green space. “The smart and hybrid Shanghai Library East is a new generation library. It is not only a place for storing and lending books, or a reading room, but also an open space for culture and art,” says Chen Chao, director of the Shanghai Library. "Exhibitions, lectures, music, art, experiencing technologies, and even entering the library itself are seen as a kind of ‘reading.’”

艺术连接社区

艺术家在设计过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用。十位来自全球各地的当代艺术家，包括徐冰、谷文达、申凡、郑重宾、艾米莉·弗洛伊德、倪有鱼、刘文瑄、普拉默＆史密斯、马兴文以及杨振中，为馆内创作了多件场域定制的永久艺术作品。由国际艺术公司与艺术制造商 UAP（Urban Art Projects）策划并实现，上海图书馆东馆艺术项目以“中国文化发展中不断演变的文字载体”为脉络，这些作品将在公共空间中发挥更深远的意义——激发读者、鼓励交流、赞美知识。

Connecting Community with the Arts Local artists were integral to the design process. Ten contemporary artists from China and abroad — including Xu Bing, Gu Wenda, Shen Fan, Zheng Chongbin, Emily Floyd, Ni Youyu, Mia Liu, Plummer & Smith, Simon Ma and Yang Zhenzhong — created site-specific permanent installations. Curated and realised by the international arts consultancy and manufacturing company UAP (Urban Art Projects), the public artwork program is rooted in the theme “Mediums: The Development of Writing.” The works are intended to inspire readers, encourage communication, and celebrate knowledge.

UAP 创意总监 Dane Currey 表示：“上海图书馆拥有具前瞻视野的公共艺术愿景，即创造一系列无与伦比的艺术作品，以充分匹配这个致力于学术研究、公共教育和档案储藏的知识殿堂，这也是我们的核心目标。”他率领团队完成上海图书馆东馆艺术项目的策划与交付。“在这段从艺术概念出发、不断尝试到最终实现的旅程里，能够见证馆方及建筑师的不懈努力，与艺术家并肩完成全新创作，对我们而言，这是莫大的荣幸。”

“The public art vision for the Library, to create an unprecedented collection that befits an institution devoted to education, study, and the archive of texts, has been an essential guide in the realisation process,” says UAP’s Principal Dane Currey, who oversaw the curation and delivery of the art program for Shanghai Library East. “To have been able to guide the artists and accompany the commissioner and their architects in this journey of conceptualisation, experimentation, and realisation has been an honour.”