Overlap House：容纳自然的层叠住宅

△ 项目外观  ?Daici Ano

设计单位   平田晃久建筑设计事务所

项目地点   日本东京

建成时间   2018年6月

建筑面积   177.49平方米

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本文文字由设计单位提供。

自工作室成立起，将建筑自然化的设计思路就从未改变，然而最近我们衍生出了一些新的思考。尽管柔软的形式与包含空间的差异性让自然具备了一定的弹性，但大家仍会认为“自然”仅是一种单向性的流入，不受其他元素的控制。

The idea of designing architecture like a natural environment has not changed since I have founded my own office but recently its way of thinking has changed a bit. Even though the soft form and the space containing the difference have the certain possibility, it seems that "naturalness" is considered as the degree of influx of things that cannot be controlled completely by others.

△ 项目外观  ?Daici Ano

在设计艺术博物馆与图书馆（OTA）时，我们让公众参与到重要设计决策的讨论过程，这也成为我们设计的一项转折点。这次设计，我认为某种类似异质性或自然混合体的事物已经流入了建筑。因此，如何在保证基本舒适的前提下，让城市的自然环境流动起来，成为此次南大冢层叠住宅设计的一项出发点。

The turning point was the experience of opening important design decisions to the discussion with the public when we were designing ART MUSEUM & LIBRARY, OTA. As a result, I felt that something like a mixture of heterogeneity or nature flowed into architecture. It was such a circumstance that the question of how miscellaneous in Minami Otsuka could flow the nature of a city with a fundamental comfort is the starting point of this Overlap House.

 

△ 项目外观  ?Daici Ano

住宅位于片区一角，周边是一个相对陡峭的斜坡。如公园及独立住宅花园等绿色空间，顺应地形的起伏四散点缀。

The site is a corner surrounded by a relatively steep slope. In the surrounding area, green such as parks and garden of detached houses are dotted along the undulating terrain.

 

顺应城市地面的扩张态势，我们首先将建筑继续置于斜坡之上，再将坡度与水平高度的变化引入其中，集体住宅由此分化为三个叠加的住宅单元，也实现了我们将独立住宅与花园相结合的设计理念。

As expansion of the ground surface of the city like this, we first take the building continue into the slope. Then, idea of drawing the slope and difference of levels into the building and realising the collective housing has three house units overlapped we have reached the idea to stuck the three detached houses with gardens.

 

△ 概念示意图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 花园空间与住宅紧密结合  ?Daici Ano

叠加的手段既塑造出底层空间天花板的形态，也创造出一个通向高层的坡道空间。每个住宅单元的内外均形成了高低错落的标高关系，也影响了房屋的外观形态。另一方面，与实体空间相对的连续外部空间被塑造成一处想象中的家庭花园。

The action of stacking affects the ceiling of the lower floor while creating a slope up to the upper floor. Both inside and outside of each house gain the terrain allowed difference of levels, at the same time it brought something like a form of house and appearance. On the other hand, a continuous external space as a void becomes a garden as an imaginary home.

 

△ 概念草图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 住宅单元间的花园  ?Daici Ano

△ 花园内向上仰视  ?Daici Ano

在这个过程中，我们曾研究过使用白色的立面材料。然而受消防规范的限制，周边独栋住宅有着独特的立面设计，沿主干道一面铺有瓷砖。在杂乱无序的城市中，白色的立面就像生硬的“漂白”，无疑会对城市带来割裂感。

In the process so far, we had been studied the volume stacking with white materials. However, neighboring detached houses have unique facade because of the fire protection area’s regulation, along the main street there are tiled buildings. In this town with miscellaneous comfort, the white of architects’ taste is indeed a bleaching feeling as though it were cutting the city.

 

△ 立面色彩的提取  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 立面设计草图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 模型  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

最终，周围城市诸多元素中的常见色彩，映射至重叠住宅的外观之上。石板外墙与屋顶上的斑驳颜色，随着地面、城市至天空的高度变化而发生渐变。得益于算法的介入，即使施工中采用了随机的颜色组合，建筑的外立面也不会丧失连续感。

The appearance reflecting the ordinary colors of the various elements in the surrounding city is like simulating. The roof and exterior wall of the slate's mottled color gradually changes according to the gradation of the ground, city and sky as it goes up from the bottom. The pattern of color which does not lose the whole continuous feeling even if it is applied in a random order at the construction was decided using an algorithm.

 

△ 立面材质细节  ?Daici Ano

△ 入口  ?Daici Ano

△ 走廊  ?Daici Ano

△ 露台  ?Daici Ano

建筑既如花园般完全融入城市，也成为具有强烈特征的醒目标志。它并非单调、封闭，而是一间向周边城市开放的家宅。从空旷的花园里穿行，道路、行人、标示牌，甚至临近的树木都能成为花园的延伸，让这间小公寓有着惊人的外延性。住宅的精神延伸至物理边界之外，遂即成为了一道景观。

This architecture is a transparent place like a garden blending into the city, and it is also a unique existence with a strong identity. But there is not a closed singularity, it is a base of individual or family opening to the surrounding area. From the inside through the garden of void, roads and people walking on the street, signs and even neighboring trees are felt as if they are extensions of their own garden. It brings an amazing expansion to this small apartment complex. It is because the house of consciousness that spreads infinitely beyond the physical boundary becomes a landscape.

 

△ 内部空间示意图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 住宅内部  ?Daici Ano

在城市历史的引领之下，反映出分层思维的建筑外观，为城市带来统一与冲突并存的感受。让历史流入其中是统一，新鲜事物的流入是则冲突。随着时间的流逝，城市总将新的历史折叠成一段过往，以获取一种独特的品味。

The appearance reflecting the layered thinking, led by the city's history, brings a sense of unity and incongruity into the city. The sense of unity is to let the past flow in, and the sense of incongruity is freshness. The city folds a new history in the own history in the flux of time to acquire a distinctive taste.

 

△ 住宅内部  ?Daici Ano

这就如同生活一般，历史的演进体现在外，又内化于心。城市历史的踪迹虽被涂抹，但却未曾切断，其以创造性的分层进行延续，丰富城市的生活。到那时，住宅不再是一个受物理条件约束的区域，它将成为一处意识的无限延展之地，就如文首提到的自然环境一样，成为一处有质量的场所。

It is the same as the way of life, expressing evolutionary history while incorporating it into the body. Erasing the history of the city nor cutting them off, layering them up creatively. It will increase the fraction of life in the city. And at that time the house will cease to be an area confined to the physical constraints and it will be a place for consciousness spreading out endlessly, a place with quality like the natural environment in the sense mentioned at the beginning.

 

设计图纸 ▽

 

△ 总平面图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 各层平面图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所

△ 剖轴测示意图  ?平田晃久建筑设计事务所