法国·木框架结构幼儿园

发布于：2023-09-19 16:07:19 来自：建筑结构/结构资料库 [复制转发]

第一个目的是尽可能将项目融入其环境中。在这种情况下，这不仅仅是一个解决地块、邻近地块或地形等具体问题的问题，而是要将其向更广阔的环境开放，并就学校在城市中的位置和作用发出强烈的信息。相反，它是社区生活中一个重要的结构性元素，是一个欢迎和开放的元素。

The first intention is to integrate the project as much as possible into its context. In this case, it was not just an issue of addressing the specifics of a plot of land, its neighboring sites, or its topography, but about opening it up to the broader environment and sending a strong message about the place and the role of the school in the city. Instead, it is a significant and structural element of community life, one that is welcoming and open. The "open" school is an educational tool that trains children to become future citizens.

学校坐落在斜坡上，尽量贴近地形。底层由两个半层组成，从地势较低的水平部分拔地而起。上层建筑与之垂直，吸收了水平面的差异，最大限度地减少了所需的平整土方工程。学校沉浸在大自然的怀抱中，在这种环境下，大自然显得宽宏大量，兼收并蓄。它提供了一个强大的教学工具。学校与周围的景观融为一体，这要归功于几处额外的景观，如草地般的绿色露台、菜园、种植树木的庭院，以及与庭院的开放式连接，庭院本身就讲述着一个故事。

The school is set into the slope, hewing as close as possible to the topography of the land. A ground floor consisting of two half-levels rises from the lower, horizontal part of the site. The upper floor is perpendicular to it, absorbing the difference in level and minimizing the leveling earthworks required. The school is immersed in nature, which in this context is generous and eclectic. It offers a formidable teaching tool. It blends into the landscape thanks to several additional features like the meadow-like green terraces, the vegetable garden, the patio planted with trees, and the open connection to the courtyard, which itself tells a story.

从技术角度看，该项目使用两种主要材料：混凝土和木材。整个团队致力于使用当地甚至就地取材的材料，包括混凝土原材料和经过 BTMC（"中部丘陵地区木材"）认证的当地木材。BTMC 方法旨在推广当地的木材品种和生产企业，保证木材的来源、可追溯性、森林的可持续管理以及加工和使用的质量。生产、加工和施工的整个链条都参与其中。在这个项目中，承包商充当了 BTMC 标签的形象大使。Maliges 公司和 Genevrier 公司同意将尊重该标签作为获得合同的一个条件。

From a technical standpoint, the project uses two main materials: concrete and wood. The team as a whole was committed to using regional and even on-site materials, with raw concrete and local wood-certified BTMC (“Wood from the Massif Central”). The BTMC approach aims to promote local varieties of wood and the companies that produce them, guaranteeing their origins, traceability, and the sustainable management of forests, as well as the quality of processing and use. The entire chain of production, processing, and construction is involved in this process. With this project, the contractor acted as an ambassador for the BTMC label. Maliges and Genevrier agreed to respect the label as a condition for being awarded the contract.

底层由当地碎石喷砂混凝土制成。木质上层建筑采用木框架结构和墙体、混合木材和金属柱、胶合层压木材梁、CLT（交叉层压木材）板和花旗松覆层。覆层由不同宽度的扁平板条和垂直板条组成，给人一种节奏感和振动感。在整个项目的其余部分，木制品、百叶窗、天花板檐口以及天井、餐厅和图书馆等特定战略位置的幕墙中都可以看到木材的身影。

The ground floor is made of sandblasted concrete from local aggregates. The wooden upper story features a timber-frame structure and walls, mixed wood and metal posts, glued-laminated timber beams, CLT (cross-laminated timber) slabs, and Douglas fir cladding. The cladding is made up of flat slats of different widths and perpendicular slats that give it a sense of rhythm and vibration. Throughout the rest of the project, wood is openly visible in the woodwork, shutters, and ceiling soffits, as well as in the curtain walls at certain strategic points like the patio, dining hall, and library.

该设施分区明确。它是一所拥有六间教室的幼儿园，还包括一个课后托管中心和一个大型餐饮中心（市政府的中央厨房）。入口位于建筑中央，将南面的餐饮区和北面的课后托管区隔开。

The facility is clearly divided into parts. It is a nursery school with six classrooms, but it also includes an after-school care center and a large-scale catering center (the municipality's central kitchen). The entrance, located in the center of the building, separates the catering area to the south from the after-school care area to the north.

每个房间都有自己独立的通道。底层是一个双层大接待厅，连接着三间教室和各自的寝室，寝室通向下层庭院。顺时针方向的楼梯通向另外三间教室和上层庭院。教室面向庭院，以保护孩子们的隐私。在主入口的西端，图书馆和文献中心有一个宽敞的木制露台，可以遮挡阳光，并向室外景观开放。

Each has its own independent access. A large double-story reception hall on the ground floor connects to three classrooms and their respective sleeping areas, which open onto the lower courtyard. A clockwise staircase leads up to three additional classrooms and the upper courtyard. Classrooms face the courtyard to preserve the children's privacy. At the western end, above the main entrance, the library and documentation center has a generously proportioned wooden terrace protected from the sun and open to the outdoor landscape.