土木在线论坛 \ 建筑结构 \ 结构资料库 \ 圆形体量，穿孔铝的双层立面—— 生物多样性展馆

圆形体量，穿孔铝的双层立面—— 生物多样性展馆

发布于：2023-08-16 15:40:16 来自：建筑结构/结构资料库 [复制转发]

国家生物多样性馆是UNAM的一个新空间，位于大学城的文化走廊上。该项目旨在扩大和保存生物研究所的档案，并建立专题实验室，以便对拉丁美洲最大的死亡物种收藏进行科学研究。

The National Pavilion of Biodiversity is a new space for UNAM, located in the cultural corridor of Ciudad Universitaria. The project aims to grow and preserve the archive of the Institute of Biology, as well as to create thematic laboratories for the scientific study of the largest collection of dead species in Latin America.

该项目从不同的角度做出回应。从概念上讲，建筑设计提出了一个放射状的方案，源于对生命之树的解释，以及每个生物都是相互联系的想法。位于建筑中心的楼梯代表了DNA的双螺旋结构，DNA是包含所有生物遗传信息的分子，也是地球上每个物种出现的分子。

The project responds from different perspectives. Conceptually, the architectural design proposes a radial scheme that arises from the interpretation of the Tree of Life and the idea that every living being is connected. The stairs, located in the center of the building, represent the double helix of DNA, the molecule that contains the genetic information of all living beings and from which each species on the planet emerges.

在建筑上，位于建筑中心的楼梯是连接展馆不同空间的元素。从这里，路径通向展览室、档案馆和实验室，形成放射状布局，代表了生物多样性的无限可能性。在材料方面，铝玻璃立面和当地石材制成的基础允许与场地直接联系。

Architecturally, the staircase located at the epicenter of the building is the element that connects the different spaces of the pavilion. From it, the paths lead to the exhibition rooms, the archive, and the laboratories, forming a radial layout that represents the infinite possibilities of biodiversity. In terms of materials, the glass facade with aluminum and the base made of local stone allows for a direct connection with the site.

展馆建筑面积超过11000平方米，包括展览室、多媒体室、数字图书馆、办公室、存储区和实验室，所有这些都以放射状布局分布在三层。

The pavilion, with over eleven thousand square meters of construction, has exhibition rooms, multimedia rooms, a digital library, offices, storage areas, and laboratories, all distributed on three levels with a radial arrangement.

在平面图中，每层有三个环。第一个环用于公共项目，从中心开始，有垂直的流通和永久性的展览。随后的环是私人使用和收藏。最后一个环位于立面的边缘，与专业咨询、实验室和策展办公室的空间相对应。

In the plan, each level has three rings. The first ring is intended for the public program and starts from the center with vertical circulation and permanent exhibitions. The subsequent ring is for private use and houses the collections. The last ring, located on the edge of the facade, corresponds to the spaces for specialized consultation, laboratories, and curatorial offices.

每个楼层的混合区域允许建筑物的临时和永久用户之间的互动。圆形的平面设计是为了实现两个主要目标:一方面，通过单一的垂直核心统一所有空间，另一方面，根据项目的具体需求，通过立面以波浪状的形式打开和关闭，创造360度的自然景观全景。

This mixture of areas on each floor allows for interaction between temporary and permanent users of the building. The circular floor plan was leveraged to achieve two main objectives: on one hand, to unite all spaces through a single vertical core, and on the other hand, to create panoramic views of the 360-degree natural landscape through a facade that opens and closes in a wave-like form according to the specific needs of the program.

主要挑战之一是如何分配研究所的四个收藏馆（哺乳动物、爬行动物、鱼类和鸟类）的档案，因为需要分配的面积很大。每个藏品的战略位置都要满足气候、储存和未来发展的需要。

One of the major challenges was the distribution of the archives of the institute's four collections: mammals, reptiles, fish, and birds, due to the large number of square meters that needed to be allocated. Each collection was strategically located to address climatic, storage, and future growth needs.

为了使其正常运作，有高密度的压实机用于存储，这些压实机放置在金属导轨上，以便在尽可能小的空间内存储最多的物种。此外，我们在圆形平面内提出了一个正交结构，以优化存储区域并允许未来的增长。

For its proper functioning, there are high-density compactors for storage, which are placed on metal rails that move to store the largest number of species in the smallest possible space. In addition, we proposed an orthogonal structure within the circular floor plan in order to optimize storage areas and allow for future growth.

建筑可以从一个阶梯式的广场进入，这个广场旨在容纳游客，并与文化走廊相连。在这一层，最大的展览区和四个藏品中的三个与实验室一起放置。根据技术要求，第一层的特点是最封闭;这里有一个集合、分子生物学实验室、礼堂和行政办公室。

The building is accessed from a stepped esplanade that seeks to accommodate visitors and connects with the cultural corridor. On this floor, the largest exhibition area and three of the four collections are located along with the laboratories. The first level is characterized by being the most enclosed according to technical requirements; here, one of the collections, the molecular biology laboratory, the auditorium, and the administrative offices are located.

最后，下层响应地形的不平坦，包含最常用的公共空间，如商店、自助餐厅和数字图书馆。通过将这些区域定位在这里，可以直接看到采石场，同时创造一个宁静和内省的环境。此外，场地的优越位置，沉浸在大学文化走廊中，增加了项目传播的空间，目的是唤起游客对科学事业的兴趣。

Finally, the lower level responds to the unevenness of the terrain and contains the most publicly used spaces, such as the store, the cafeteria, and the digital library. By locating these areas here, direct views of the quarry are taken advantage of, while creating a peaceful and introspective environment. In addition, the privileged location of the site, immersed in the university cultural corridor, added spaces for dissemination of the program, with the aim of arousing visitors' interest in scientific careers.

在立面方面，下层通过将景观直接融入建筑周围的自然空间，展示了当地的生物多样性。上面两层有玻璃和穿孔铝的双层立面，允许控制视野，它们的折叠响应了室内空间的照明和通风需求。

Regarding its facades, the lower level functions as a showcase of the endemic biodiversity by directly integrating views into the natural space surrounding the building. The two upper levels have a double facade of glass and perforated aluminum that allow for controlled views, and their folding responds to the lighting and ventilation needs of the interior spaces.

其结果是由数千个30x20厘米的铝模块组成的立面，这些模块随风移动，这是由场地的气候条件产生的运动，并暗示其在生物多样性的进化和持久性中的重要性，创造了一个生动的立面。

The result is a facade formed by thousands of 30x20 cm aluminum modules that move with the wind, a movement generated by the climatic conditions of the site and alluding to its importance in the evolution and permanence of biodiversity, creating a lively facade.

大学城所在的佩德雷加尔地区因西特勒火山爆发而得名，这种火山石是当地生物多样性中最具特色的元素。值得注意的是，从地基中取出的石头也被用于建造这些墙壁。

The base of the building is constructed with a quarry, a volcanic stone that is the most characteristic element of the local biodiversity, resulting from the explosion of Xitle that gave the name to the Pedregal area where Ciudad Universitaria is located. It is worth noting that the same stone that was removed from the foundation was used for the construction of these walls.

该项目可以概括为公共和私人空间的融合，在这里，临时使用者可以与展品共存，也可以与场地共存，从而激发人们对物种研究和保护背后的一切的好奇心。

The project can be summarized as a fusion of public and private spaces, where temporary users can coexist with the exhibits, but also with the site, thus arousing curiosity about everything behind the study and conservation of species.