土木在线论坛 \ 园林景观 \ 景观规划设计 \ 嬗变中的现代性上海淮海公寓保护与更新设计

嬗变中的现代性上海淮海公寓保护与更新设计

发布于：2023-07-17 10:09:17 来自：园林景观/景观规划设计 [复制转发]

1.嬗变中的现代性：赉安的淮海公寓

1. a masterpiece between Art Deco & Modernism

淮海公寓主体建成于1935年，是由万国储蓄会投资建造、由赉安洋行（Leonard，Veysseyre & Kruze Architects.）设计的著名高档公寓，当时名为盖司康公寓（Gascogne Apartments），上海市第二批优秀历史建筑和徐汇区登记不可移动文物。

The main building of Gascogne Apartment was built in 1935. Financed by International Savings Society, it was designed by well-known Leonard Veysseyre & Kruze Architects (LVKarchitects).Having been one of the most renowned luxurious apartment buildings in the history, it was announced as Excellent Historical Building of Shanghai (2nd batch) and was registered as Immovable Cultural Relics of Xuhui Distict.

研究淮海公寓的保护与更新是从考察赉安洋行当时的设计为起点的。赉安洋行是当时上海和邬达克齐名的最有代表性的建筑师，赉安在1920至1946年间的上海共完成了123项设计作品，淮海公寓（盖司康公寓）是其中最著名的代表。

LVK architects was one of the most representative architectural studio in Shanghai by the time. They had completed 123 design projects in Shanghai during the year of 1920-1946, among which Gascoigne Apartment is one of the most prominent edifices.

淮海公寓是赉安从Art Deco转向现代主义实践的产物，但仍带有明显Art Deco的流线型风格与竖向线条的印记。基于“形式与设计、材料与物质、用途与功能、传统与技术、地点与背景（奈良真实性文件，1994）”等多方面分析，结合历史文献资料的研究，我们总结出淮海公寓在平面、立面、材料等方面的总体特征与价值，进而甄别出公共外廊与住户阳台、入口雨棚与台阶、顶层挑板、白色竖向装饰带、半圆形楼梯间、立面钢窗等主要建筑构件的具体特征与历史价值。相较于同样由赉安设计、稍晚建成的现代主义风格的麦琪公寓，淮海公寓不论从总体的空间与材料上，抑或是在局部构件上，都呈现出明显的从Art Deco向现代主义风格蜕变中的独特设计语言表达，这种两种语言之间的摇摆与融合则是淮海公寓最独特的魅力。而这种嬗变中的现代性也成为我们开展保护修缮以及更新设计工作的依据。

Gascoigne Apartments was born during the time when LVK architects turns their design style from Art Deco to Modernism, although they were still strongly labeled with Art Deco elements. Following historical literature studies, we have deducted general characteristics and value of Gascogne Apartments regarding aspects such as layout, fa?ade, building materials. More detailed characteristics and historical value were collected and categorized relating to public passage, balcony, canopy, white vertical decorative strip, semicircle staircase, steel window, etc. Comparing to Magy apartments, a later masterpiece bearing typical modernism style from LVK architects, Gascogne Apartments was more of a transitional piece of architectural work referring to general design and decorative details. This transitional feature therefore provides a referential base for our renovation and preservation work.

2.层叠积淀的真实性：更全面的保护与更新

2. Reveal the layered authenticity for a responsible renovation

为了对重点保护部位严格按照原式样、原材料、原工艺进行保护修缮，我们以“尊重原始资料和确凿的文献，决不能有丝毫臆测（威尼斯宪章，1964）”的原则开展工作。尽可能多的查阅历史旧建筑文献资料和当时住户的相关照片，缺失相关影像资料的细部则通过对赉安在同时期设计的同风格建筑的史料研究来弥补。

We plunged into the literature of Gascogne Apartments and old photos from local residents, trying to restore the critical part of the building following the original detail, material and craftsmanship. Some other detail repair with no further information is based on the study of some LVK architects' contemporaneous buildings with the same style.

然而，淮海公寓在历史上分别于1991年进行了副楼部分的改造加建、2006年的主楼副楼的修缮、2007年的副楼结构加固等多次改造、修缮，其他的小修小补更难胜数。因此，我们通过资料查阅分析、走访等方式，尽可能的从功能、规范、文化等多个维度理解当时的一些变化，并以此为据进行恰当的维持与删减。而此外更具体的建筑外立面的破损、污损情况的调研与修缮判断，更是以极度谨慎的态度进行甄别，以保护与还原历时的真实性、最小干预的方式进行保护与修缮设计工作。其中，最繁复的工作就是对陶土面砖部分进行残损统计，根据残损图，原则保留破损较小的面砖，针对现状面砖风化程度不均，设计制作多种相近色调整色差，使修缮后的整体立面浑然一体。

Gascogne Apartments experienced at least 3 main renovations and expansions during the time from 1991 to 2007. We extracted relevant information of those renovations by means of data browsing, data analysis and interviews. More detailed information such as cracks in the fa?ade, contaminated condition was more cautiously acquired and then being analyzed. A result of this analysis was categorized to protect and restore the authenticity of the building with a least intervention during the whole work.

更新前的淮海公寓庭院景观基本上是后期加建、改建的，除乔木长势较好外，外围的部分灌木与地被呈现严重退化的情况。此外，简化的古典风格的南庭院椭圆形绿化广场和周边铺装、公寓大门的材质与样式，都是与建筑风貌严重不符的，这些都是层叠积淀中需要被纠正的真实的错误，也是本次保护与更新设计的重要工作内容。

The courtyard of Gascogne Apartments did not belong to LVK architects' design scope. Despite the lushness of big trees, the peripheral part of planting including shrubs and groundcovers was severely deteriorated. The existing look of simplified classical south court, the material and style of main gate were all inconsistent with the general building appearance. Therefore how to solve the problems called 'error' by our design team is also one of the most significant parts of the preservation and renovation work.

3.完整性的特定表达方式：淮海公寓的体验完型

3. Fulfil the integrity by landscape renewal

淮海公寓建筑风貌特征鲜明、突出，但在整体风貌上却一直是不完整的。在这里，并不仅仅是后期加建的环境景观内容的错位表达，更重要的是整体景观体系的失位。历史建筑完整性的重要内涵包括“其特征的整体性与无缺憾性（北京文件，2007）”，而淮海公寓一直以来缺失的、与建筑风貌匹配的环境景观系统正是这里最大的“缺憾性”。

In fact, Gascogne Apartments did not hold complete integrity in terms of overall appearance before our renovation design. This is due to the absence of systematic landscape design rather than landscaping and facility error which was added lately.

本次保护更新，在尊重历史街区与历史建筑风貌的基础上，重构了“淮海路街道景观-巷弄-公寓大门-公寓庭院中心景观-公寓建筑”的风貌序列，尝试弥补现状在体验上的断裂与感受上的跳脱。这里的第一个重点是公寓大门的更新，我们在平衡了车行、礼仪性空间、结构立柱、日常人行通道在平面尺度上的合理性的基础上，又基于淮海公寓主楼形体关系与竖向线条构成要素，重构融于建筑风貌的公寓大门。

With the respect to historical district and historical building appearance preservation, the renovation work reconstructs an experience sequence that is “streetscape-alleyway-apartments gate -central courtyard garden-apartment building”. The renewal of the apartments gate appears to be a primary work concerning this sequence. We try to approach a balance between practical spatial requirements such as vehicular lane, columns, pedestrian passage and aesthetic aspects like an inviting vibe and grandness of the entrance. We design the gate's figure according to the outline of the main building, and fill the figure with vertical lines extracted from the l anguage of the fa?ade in addition.

另一个重点是庭院中心景观更新。首先，我们在景观空间延续建筑立面的对称格局的基础上，以八角形门厅外化的雨蓬形态重构融合景观识别和休憩的中心景观基础空间，求得空间格局的一致性和连续性。而后期加建的喷泉雕塑作为“建筑物的重要历史积淀层（北京文件，2007）”在本次更新设计中被保留，并以抬高、放大基座的方式增加整体体量感知，形成与建筑主体有效对话，成为重构的风貌序列中关键的一环。在中央景观的具体设计上，我们一方面借鉴建筑立面上简洁的线条感与现代风格的体积感，同时也刻意的使用较多的当代工艺（漂浮坐凳、重复的宽缝、侧石的底部悬挑）。在追求整体景观感受与建筑风貌匹配的同时，遵循“缺失部分的修补必须与整体保持和谐，但同时须区别于原作（威尼斯宪章，1964）”的原则，展开对庭院景观的更新设计。

The secondary key point is the renewal of the central courtyard garden which is even more important. To initiate the design, we firstly extended the symmetrical layout of the fa?ade to the ground level. We use the shape of the canopy formed by externalizing the octagonal foyer to design the landscape outline of the courtyard center. The fountain statue is maintained and lifted, and the foundation is widened to increasing the volume of general massing. In this way the fountain and statue are able to effectively talk to building behind, therefore become an essential element in the reconstructed landscape sequence. Considering the detailed design of the central landscape space, we take the simplified lining in the fa?ade and the general modernism spirit of the building as inspiration. More contemporary landscape design details are also deliberately applied to create an identifiable renovation from historical architecture.

4. 跨时代合唱：鲜活的摩登

4. the contemporary MODERN is a living MODERN

淮海公寓作为1930年代上海公寓建筑的杰出代表，历史上有周谷城等多位文化名人曾在此居住，瑞士、印度尼西亚驻沪领事馆也曾在此办公，后又多年作为外国驻沪领事馆租用房屋及领馆人员住所。这是属于淮海公寓的文化魅力之一，也正因为居住人员更替较多，现状属于1930年代的原有内部装饰已鲜有存留。而修缮更新后用作高品质长租公寓的整体定位也对室内空间的更新提出了当代使用的需求。

As a prominent representative apartments building at 1930s, Gascogne Apartments has attracted numerous celebrities to stay in its history. The consulate general of Switzerland, Indonesia also used to be located here. The apartments later was served as the official residence of consulate staff for a long period. Because of the high turn-over rate of the tenants and multiple times of decoration, the original interior decoration of 1930s has been to a large extend missing. Considering the current requirement of functioning as a high quality service apartment after this renovation, some more contemporary functionality is highlighted for interior spatial renovation.

我们围绕作为公寓内部空间核心八角形门厅展开设计，以简洁的发散式布置的Art Deco元素强化空间形态，并融合具有现代主义气息的石材线条以及更经典的透光花窗、古铜金属、地面拼花等手法元素，打造传承历史建筑气息的公寓内部中心。在公共走廊及公寓套房方面，则采用更简洁的现代主义手法来达成最大限度降低干预、形成明快的居住体验的目标。这种将Art Deco与现代主义风格互渗与融合的尝试，是向赉安在摩登时代的淮海公寓设计实践的致敬与呼应。在保护修缮的基础上、当代使用目标的引导下，通过本次保护更新设计，让1935年的历史建筑、历次修缮更新的恰当积淀、当代更新的庭院景观与室内功能形成一场跨时代的合唱，是融入历史建筑文化语境、响应时间演进的鲜活的摩登。

We commenced the interior design from octagonal foyer at the very centre of the building. Some Art Deco elements filtered by Modernism are applied to strengthen the spatial morphology. Lines of modernism style are blended in to establish a historical interior centre of this building. With regards to public passage and standard Suite, a more simplified approach was adopted to avoid over-design and to create a pleasant and cozy experience. This method of our design which attempts to merge Art Deco and Modernism is an echo and a salute to the original design of LVK architects.

This preservation and renovation design by TJAIDC and VIASCAPE creates a cross-generational fusion which merges the historical building itself from 1935 and several renovations from 1991 to 2007 with the contemporary landscape renewal and interior functional upgrade. It celebrates a living Modern in the historical evolution of Gascogne Apartments.