日本·町屋高架铁路下的幼儿园

发布于：2023-05-30 14:35:30 来自：园林景观/景观规划设计 [复制转发]

该幼儿园位于东京市中心町屋的高架铁路下。该项目是一项倡议，通过利用高架铁路下的空间来解决幼儿园的短缺问题。这是因为日本的城市地区缺少幼儿园，但却没有足够可以建造幼儿园的场地。

The nursery school is located under the elevated railway in Machiya, downtown Tokyo. The project is an initiative to solve the shortage of nursery schools by using spaces under elevated railways. This is because there is a shortage of nursery schools in urban areas in Japan, but there are no sites on which to build them.

高架铁路建于1931年。高架铁路下建有商店和房屋，形成了市中心的景观，生活气息溢于言表，但为了给高架结构的抗震加固让路，他们被拆除了。经过抗震加固后，该地块长期空置，但已开始被重新利用，首先是幼儿园的计划。

The elevated railway was built in 1931. Shops and houses were built under the elevated railway, forming a downtown landscape where life overflowed into the streets, but they were evicted to make way for seismic reinforcement of the elevated structure. After seismic reinforcement, the site remained vacant for a long time but has begun to be re-used, starting with plans for the nursery school.

近年来，托儿所与城镇的关系变得封闭，孩子们和城镇的人们也变得彼此疏远。我们想创建一个向城镇开放的幼儿园，人们可以在那里享受看孩子成长的乐趣。穿越小镇的旧高架铁路很低，梁下净空高度约为3.9米，短跨度约为6米，给人一种巨大的感觉。为了使土木工程结构的规模与幼儿园的规模相协调，我们建造了一个67米长的大屋顶。水平延伸的屋顶为幼儿园创造了一个面向城市的立面。在内部，屋顶叠加在高架铁路结构上，创造了一个柔软和庇护的托儿所空间，免受附近火车站的噪音和喧闹的影响。

In recent years, nursery schools have become closed off from the town, and the children and the people of the town have become distant from each other. We wanted to create a nursery school that is open to the town, where people can enjoy watching the children grow. The old elevated railway crossing the town is low, with a clearance height of about 3.9 meters under the girders and short spans of about 6 meters, giving it a massive appearance. To harmonize the scale of the civil engineering structure with that of the nursery school, we constructed a large 67-meter-long roof. The horizontally extending roof creates a fa?ade of the nursery school facing the city. On the inside, the roof is superimposed on the elevated railway structure, creating a soft and sheltered nursery space protected from the noise and commotion of the nearby train station.

幼儿园的房间被安排在一个大屋顶下的三个群组中，它们之间有一个操场和沙坑。每个房间都由沿街屋檐下的半室外空间连接。沿着这条39米长的轴线，是清洗区、游戏设备、自行车停车场，以及每个高架支柱之间的入口门廊。幼儿园出现在小镇上，使街道更加显眼和充满活力。

The nursery rooms are arranged in three clusters under a large roof, with a playground and sandpit between them. Each room is connected by a semi-outdoor space under the eaves, which run along the street. Along this 39-meter-long axis are washing areas, play equipment, bicycle parking, and an entrance porch between each elevated pillar. The nursery's activities appear in the town, making it visible and lively.

幼儿园的操场通过高架结构和建筑的重叠来创造的，形成了一个独特的半户外空间。在夏天，城市的热岛效应变得越来越严重，使儿童的户外活动变得困难。高架结构作为主要的 "屋顶"，保护操场免受强烈的阳光照射。该建筑的屋顶为人们遮挡雨水，并作为一个光架，用反射光照亮操场。高架结构下固有的阴影被抵消了，使操场在夏天有明亮的光线时更有使用价值。

The playground has become a unique semi-outdoor space created by overlapping the elevated structure and the architecture. The urban climate in summer is becoming increasingly severe due to the heat island effect, making outdoor activities for children difficult. The elevated structure serves as the primary "roof" to protect the playground from strong sunlight. The architecture's roof shields people from the rain and acts as a light shelf, illuminating the playground with reflected light. The darkness inherent under the elevated structure is lifted, making the playground more usable in the summer when the elevated ceiling is brightly lit.

幼儿园通过深深的屋檐与城镇相连。屋檐创造的安全感使这个地方向小镇开放的同时又受到保护。镇上的许多人喜欢沿着幼儿园种植季节性花草。幼儿园被建立在一个类似于市中心的距离，在那里沿着街道行走，可以像画卷一样瞥见托儿所的日常生活，并自然地进行交流。

The nursery school was connected to the town through deep eaves. The sense of security created by the eaves made the place boldly open to the town yet protected. Many people in the town enjoy the seasonal flowers and plants planted along the nursery school. The nursery school was created at a downtown-like distance, where walking along the street gives a glimpse of the nursery's daily life like a picture scroll, and communication naturally takes place.