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九寨沟景区沟口立体式游客服务中心

发布于：2023-05-17 09:16:17 来自：建筑设计/公共建筑设计 [复制转发]

四川·九寨沟游客中心

清华建筑设计院

项目简介

Project Profile

九寨沟景区沟口立体式游客服务设施建设项目位于九寨沟风景名胜区沟口。项目总建筑面积约3万平米，总用地面积8.996公顷。建设内容包含游客服务中心、国际交流中心、荷叶宾馆改造、林卡景观、白水河和翡翠河驳岸加固、立交桥及引道建设等。作为景区标志性建筑及门户，项目建成后，将为每天最多4.1万人次游客提供交通接驳及保障性服务。

The Jiuzhai Valley National Park Visitor Center project is located at the entrance of the Jiuzhai Valley. Covering around 30,000 m2 and a site area of 89,960 m2, the project includes the construction of a visitor center and an international communication center, renovation of the Heye Hotel, garden landscaping, embankment reinforcement along the Baishui River and the Feicui River, and construction of overpasses and ramps, etc. As the park’s signature construction and gateway, it will provide access to transportation and support services to up to 41,000 tourists every day after completion.

九寨沟国家公园管理局已与清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司、SCEGC第九建筑工程集团有限公司、四川省川建岩土工程勘察设计院签订了勘察现场、设计和施工合同。中国工程院院士庄惟敏先生作为项目总监负责整个项目。作为重要的自然遗产和人与生物圈计划的保护区，九寨沟国家公园拥有多样化和独特的自然环境。地震造成的建筑受损和倒塌，不可避免地对公园的生态环境造成影响，并将反过来影响当地的旅游业，而旅游业一直是九寨沟的支柱产业，一直为当地人提供物质支持。如果这些建筑不能及时修复，势必会影响到当地的旅游收入，而这正是许多居民的主要收入来源。

The Jiuzhai Valley National Park Administration Bureau has contracted the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co., LTD., SCEGC No.9 Construction Engineering Group Company LTD., and Sichuan Chuanjian Geotechnical Survey and Design Institute to inspect the site, design and carry out the construction. Mr. Zhuang Weimin, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, is in charge of the whole project as the project director. As an important natural heritage and a reserve under the Man and the Biosphere Program, Jiuzhai Valley National Park is host to a diverse and unique natural environment. The damaged and collapsed buildings due to the earthquake have inevitably impacted the park’s ecological environment and will in turn impact local tourism, which has been the pillar industry of Jiuzhai Valley and has been providing material support to the locals. If the buildings are not restored in time, it is bound to affect the local tourism revenue, which is the main source of income for many residents.

设计理念

Design Concept

由于工程处于九寨沟世界自然遗产地、国家风景名胜区范围内。设计立意与九寨沟自然山水形态呼应，建筑内外充分体现藏文化内涵，造型舒展流畅，融合传统文化与现代风格，是富有深厚文化底蕴、集各项管理服务功能于一体的“环境建筑”。

Since the project is located in Jiuzhai Valley, a World Heritage and National Park of China, we endeavor to make our design mirror the natural environment and reflect an understanding of Tibetan culture in both the interior and the exterior of the building. It stretches out with smooth curves, integrating traditional culture in a modern style – an “environmental architecture” that combines cultural heritage and various management and service functions.

向自然学习：融入九寨沟的天赐美景。

Learn from nature: incorporate the heavenly scenery of Jiuzhai Valley.

从文化中汲取灵感：体现川藏特色。

Draw inspiration from culture: reflect Sichuan and Tibetan characteristics.

利用场地原有地势，西侧的山边比东侧的翡翠河畔高出6米左右，设置了平台层与西侧场地标高持平，并作为游客的主要出发层；平台下层比翡翠河水位略高，作为游客主要的到达层；在游客高峰时段，平台层和平台下同时作为出发层，游客可快速进沟游览。在出发层可以饱览沟口的三山两河，成为进入景区的前奏。集散中心充分利用原场地高差，既避免了地下水位过高给施工带来的诸多困难，又造就了平台形象的亲近感。

As the west of the site is six meters higher than the east, we have designed a platform level with the west as the main departure level for tourists. The level below the platform, which serves as the main arrival level, is slightly higher than the water level of the Feicui River. In peak hours, both the platform and the level below are used as departure levels so that tourists can quickly start their journey into the valley. On the departure level, tourists can enjoy the view of the three mountains and two rivers as the prelude to their journey. Fully utilizing the height difference of the site, we have avoided the potential difficulties in construction due to high groundwater levels and given the building a sense of intimacy with the platform.

入口设计

Entrance Design

景区入口的“罩棚”承载了九寨本身的文化传承和积淀。九寨慧眼状的LOGO已经享誉世界，作为一种自然和人文交融的符号，具有很强的标识性和认同性。其次，建筑本身不是对符号单纯的模仿，通过树状柱悬挑出来的结构造型和连续的地势引导，在空间上体现出和环境山体的呼应，在功能上最大限度地把空间留给游客。

The “awnings” at the entrance form an icon of the cultural heritage of the Jiuzhai Valley: they are part of the eye-shaped? logo of the park, which has a strong identity and is world-renowned as a symbol of the blend of nature and humanity. However, the building itself is not a mere replication of the symbol. With tree-inspired dendriform, branching structures, and continuous guiding lines on the ground, the project spatially echoes the neighboring mountains and functionally leaves the maximum space for tourists.

大罩棚采用三颗开花柱顶起跨度38米的大型不规则形态单层网壳胶合梁木结构，这在国内实属首次。罩棚西侧为坡度小于8%的坡道，游客沿坡道缓步走上平台上层集散、换乘，罩棚拱形起伏如山形的屋面采用九寨沟当地的石板瓦，结合罩棚前象征九寨的水、形似藏文元音的符号，形成了最具地域特色的标志性入口。

The design of the large awning is the first of its kind in China: a massive irregular single-layer glulam grid shell structure span 38 meters, supported by three dendriform columns. On the west of the awning is a slope of less than 8%, along which tourists can walk slowly up to the platform to assemble, depart or transfer. Tiled with slates of a local type, the mountain-like awning, together with the symbol shaped like a Tibetan vowel letter that represents the water in Jiuzhai Valley, has become a signature of the park that displays local characteristics.

平台上层的罩棚下为入口检票区域。该罩棚由两道钢结构空间曲梁封边，以费马螺旋线分格的胶合梁作为共同受力结构体系，跨度41米，由集散中心平台上缓缓涌起，以自然、舒展的框景将连绵起伏的群山揽入画境。

On the platform, there is another awning sheltering the check-in area. It is lined with two spatial curved steel beams on the edges, which, together with glulam beams segmented by Fermat's spirals, serve as part of the load-carrying structure. Spanning 41 meters, the awning rises slowly from the platform and frames the rolling mountains with a natural, extended outline.

平台下的集散空间有6000多平方米，考虑让这个空间既自然又让游客心理感受不压抑，设计将原本单调的立柱跨距拉大，以拱形钢梁解决跨度增大后的受力问题，形成六个方向的连续拱，当六个方向的拱汇合在一起，就形成了开花柱——一种力学和美学相结合的、富于自然特色的结构形式，这种钢结构柱不需要额外的装饰，结构即是建筑，受力即是装修，既表达了力学之美，又节省了装修投资。

The space for assembly and departure under the platform covers over 6,000 m2. To keep the space natural and avoid any feelings of oppression, we increased the column span and changed the original plain columns into arched steel beams to solve the force problem resulting from the larger span. The arched steel beams form continuous arches in six directions and each group of six bending towards different directions form a dendriform column, a structure combining mechanics and aesthetics that mimics nature. These steel structures require no further decoration – the structure is the architecture and the load-carrying is decoration. It both expresses the beauty of mechanics and saves costs of decoration.

36棵开花柱托举起平台下的集散空间，象征着一年四季九寨沟的美景，又一次用建筑语言向自然致敬。开花柱丰富的柱头形态为集散平台下空间平添了富于韵律的美感，在实际运营当中，即使数千人进入该空间，游客也不感觉压抑、低矮，反而成为了沟口最具特色的半室内空间。

The 36 dendriform columns support the platform and symbolize the beautiful views of the Jiuzhai Valley across the four seasons – it is yet another tribute we pay to nature with architectural language. The beams bending towards various directions have added rhythm to the space so that when the visitor center is put to use, even if thousands of people are in the space together, they would not feel oppressed by a low ceiling. This has become the most special semi-indoor space at the entrance of the Jiuzhai Valley.

展览中心

Exhibition Center

展示中心内部采用了3%坡度上升的连续展陈模式，自集散中心螺旋向内盘旋上升，主体结构采用细钢柱密排，首层以透光率高且没有镀膜的超白玻璃作为维护体系，游客在沿坡道观展过程中，外侧即可以看到清澈的翡翠河奔流汇入白水河，将自然景色引入到展陈之中，是对自然的内在尊重。

The Exhibition Center is on the east of the Tourist Assembly and Departure Center. Connected to the Smart Center, the roof of the Exhibition Center twists like a seedling about to stretch out. While blending into the natural environment, it symbolizes a Dharma-Sankha, the conch shell used by the Tibetans as a ritual item, and conveys the natural beauty of Jiuzhai Valley to the entire world. In the Exhibition Center, tourists can enjoy a continuous exhibition following the designed path, which, at a continuous 3% slope, spirals upwards from the Assembly and Departure Center. The main structure is constructed with closely spaced thin steel beams. Uncoated ultra-clear glass with high light transmittance is used as the protection system on the first level, which allows the tourists to see the clear Feicui River rushing into the Baishui River on the outside while they walk along the path to view the exhibition. By integrating the natural scenery into the exhibition, the design reflects our intrinsic respect for nature.

展示中心玻璃全部采用超白中空双夹胶钢化玻璃，数量超过450块。其中，单曲面玻璃单块最大面积16平方米、重1800千克。现场安装时，施工人员将每根钢管的电脑定位座标提前用全站仪在三维空间定位，再用激光经纬仪配合跟踪测量，使用一台25吨吊车和一台75吨吊车协同吊装。

All the glass used in the Exhibition Center, which amounts to over 450 pieces, is ultra-clear tempered double-laminated insulating glass. Among all, the largest single piece of cylindrical curved glass is as large as 16 m2 and as heavy as 1,800 kg. When they were installing the glass, the construction workers positioned each steel beam in advance with a total station, used laser theodolites for tracking and measuring, and employed a 25-ton and a 75-ton crane to lift the glass panels.

而56块双曲面玻璃的加工安装则是难点中的难点。每块玻璃都需要根据不同曲度四次制模才能合片成型，每块面积9.6平方米、重1200千克，安装倾斜度更是达到了70度，加工难度大、工艺尤其复杂。

As for the making and installing of the 56 double-curved glass panels, it was the most challenging of all problems. It took four attempts at molding to different curvatures to accomplish one glass panel of 9.6 m2 and 1,200 kg – a highly difficult and especially complex technique. And the installation was also difficult: the inclination when installing was as large as 70 degrees.

建筑材料

Building Material

智慧中心、展示中心、两个罩棚的屋面面层均选用了一种自然的建筑材料——石板瓦。作为风景名胜区的游客集散中心，最重要的功能是要为瞬时大量游客提供舒适的集散广场，本次设计游客主要的出发广场有1万多平方米，这么大的面积采用什么形式的铺装就成为了最影响游客体验的细节。

The Smart Center roof, the Exhibition Center roof, and the surfaces of the two awnings are all tiled with a natural material: the roofing slate. The most important function of a visitor center of a national park is to provide a large number of tourists at any instant with a comfortable space for assembly and departure. The main departure square of our design is as large as over 10,000 m2 and at this size, the type of paving has become the key detail affecting the tourist experience.

广场铺装的纹饰设计以“九寨星空”为主题，采用不同材料、不同尺寸的自然边小料石来打造星轨的流线感、随机感，黑白灰不同深浅的颜色更丰富了星轨的层次，以此在呼应建筑主体轮廓曲线的同时，星轨的流动性也对游客进入景区起到一定的指引作用。

The paving pattern of the square was inspired by “the starry sky of the Jiuzhai Valley”. With small roughly dressed stones of different kinds and sizes, we have created a series of star trails that give an impression of smooth movement and randomness and reflect a sense of layering with the combination of black, white, and grey. While echoing the curves of the main buildings, the flowing of the star trails can also serve as a guide for the tourists into the park.

景观设计

Landscape Design

游客中心东侧为林卡景观。该部分由建筑学院朱育帆教授团队设计，林卡景观以水为母题，在翡翠河东南岸打造“藏地林卡”。创造了丰富的水景观体验，同时，通过保留现状植被，塑造疏林草地景观，再现林卡风光。疏解沟口集散广场高峰期间游客聚集压力的同时，为游客和周边居民提供休闲游憩的场所。

To the east of the visitor center is the garden, which was designed by Professor Zhu Yufan of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, and his team. With “water” as the motif, a Tibetan-style garden has been created on the southeast bank of the Feicui River. While ensuring various views of the water, we have kept the existing vegetation and created lawns with woodland to reproduce the landscape of a Tibetan garden. It not only relieves the traffic pressure on the Assembly and Departure Square during rush hours but also provides relaxing places for tourists and residents.