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木质结构图书馆：该建筑就像一摞打开的书

发布于：2023-05-15 09:24:15 来自：建筑设计/绿色建筑设计 [复制转发]

Gabriel Garcia Marquez图书馆位于巴塞罗那市的一个密集的城市节点，正是这种背景导致建筑的几何形状适应环境条件，复制了倒角，这是巴塞罗那的典型城市资源，在这个大都市的周围一直存在。

The Gabriel Garcia Marquez Library is located in a dense urban node of the city of Barcelona, and it is precisely this context that causes the geometry of the construction to adapt to the conditions of the environment, replicating the chamfer, a typical urban resource of Barcelona that is consistently found in the surroundings of this metropolis.

这座建筑就像一个雕塑般的实体，安放在一个凸起的广场上，允许行人流畅地穿过街区的文化轴。图书馆悬挑在空地上，创造了一个门廊式的广场，在另一侧被现有的宏伟树木所限制。沿着白色的实体，四个视点开放，集中了视野，并将目光引向环境中伟大的吸引者。这些切口使图书馆内部形成的舒适和惬意的氛围，由于木材为整个建筑提供了温暖的美学吸引力，被表达到外部，与巴塞罗那的城市主义融为一体。

The building appears as a sculptural solid, settled on a raised square that allows fluid pedestrian circulation through the cultural axis of the neighborhood. The library rises cantilevered over the open area, creating a porticoed square delimited on the other side by the existing magnificent trees. Along the white solid, four viewpoints open that focus the views and direct the gaze toward the great attractors of the environment. These cuts allow the comfort and cozy atmosphere that develops inside the library, thanks to the wood that provides its warmth to the whole with great aesthetic appeal, to be expressed towards the exterior, integrating with the urbanism of Barcelona.

该建筑就像一摞打开的书，书页被折叠和穿孔。每本 "书 "都是由面向不同方向的密集的木板结构形成的。不仅结构上的要求定义了每个方向，而且还定义了空间的照明条件、它的特征、功能程序和它的城市连接。

The building resembles a stack of open books with folded and perforated pages. Each "book" is created by a dense structure of wood panels oriented in different directions. Not only do structural requirements define each direction, but also the lighting conditions of the space, its character, the functional program, and its urban connections.

这种木质结构提供了一系列创新和吸引人的优点，使其成为发展我们建筑愿景的理想材料，通过减少碳足迹和温室气体排放来提高项目的可持续性，并通过工业化和预制化加快施工进程，使项目在时间和成本上取得成功。

This wood structure provides a series of innovative and attractive benefits that make it an ideal material to develop our architectural vision, increasing the sustainability of the project by reducing the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating the construction process thanks to industrialization and prefabrication, making the project successful in terms of time and costs.

图书馆围绕着一个巨大的三角形庭院组织，该庭院将所有项目用途与主楼梯连接起来。这个大的空隙为图书馆的中心地带带来了自然光，改善了图书馆的照明条件，并作为一个太阳烟囱，在潮湿和温暖的环境中是一个特别有效的被动式建筑设计，它吸收太阳辐射加热内部空气，空气上升并通过顶部通风，形成空气循环作为自然通风的方法。

The library is organized around a large triangular courtyard that connects all the program uses to the main staircase. This large void brings natural light to the heart of the library, improving its lighting conditions and acting as a solar chimney, a particularly effective passive building design in humid and warm environments, which absorbs solar radiation heating the air inside, which rises and ventilates through the top, creating air circulation as a method of natural ventilation.

该结构有三个交叉层压木材的垂直核心，图书馆的不同区域围绕这些核心被有效地组织起来。其中两个核心是三角形的，包括楼梯和电梯，它们与室内天井并列在一起。第三个核心是方形的，包括了厕所和储藏区。

The structure has three vertical cores of cross-laminated timber, around which the different areas of the library are efficiently organized. Two of these cores are triangular in shape and include stairs and elevators, which are located in juxtaposition to the interior patio. The third core, square in shape, encloses the toilets and storage areas.

沿着这些垂直核心，两种明显不同的空间类型被交替开发，并由其功能明显界定。首先，封闭的空间，具有密集的木质和钢质混合结构，根据采光和视野条件来确定方向。这些空间专门用于最苛刻的声学活动，如多功能厅、广播、小组工作区、儿童区、内部工作区和实验室。

Along these vertical cores, two clearly differentiated spatial typologies are developed alternately and visibly defined by their function. First, the enclosed spaces, with a dense mixed structure of wood and steel that is oriented according to the lighting and views conditions. These spaces are dedicated to the most demanding acoustic activities, such as the multipurpose room, radio, group work areas, children's areas, internal work areas, and laboratories.

其次是开放空间，大部分的结构都消失了，提供了一种宽敞和轻盈的感觉，为主要项目的发展留下了更多的空地，如咨询、阅读和学习区。

Secondly, there are the open spaces, where most of the structure disappears, providing a sense of spaciousness and lightness that leaves more cleared areas for the development of the main program, such as consultation, reading, and study areas.

在项目执行过程中，我们从工作室提出了在加布里埃尔-加西亚-马尔克斯图书馆实施一项先锋计划，并得到了图书馆联盟的充分参与。

During the project execution, we proposed from the studio the development of a pioneering program to implement in the Gabriel Garcia Marquez Library with the full involvement of the Library Consortium.

在SUMA，我们理解图书馆是公共空间的典范，它已经成为社会的催化剂和浓缩器。从我们的角度来看，它们的相关性不是基于它们所容纳的、可以在其他地方发生的项目和活动，而是基于它们作为一个生态系统的独特空间强度和品质。因此，我们认为图书馆的一般建筑（结构、外墙等）与家具、项目、收藏和用户直接相关。

At SUMA, we understand that libraries are the paradigm of public space, which has become social catalysts and condensers. From our point of view, their relevance is not based on the programs and activities that they house and could occur anywhere else, but on the unique spatial intensity, of their qualities as an ecosystem. Thus, we assume that the architecture in general of the library (the structure, the facade, etc.) is directly related to the furniture, the program, the collection, and the users.

建筑方案是强烈的和动态的，因为它作为一个真正的社会冷凝器，它捕捉和发展的情况，促进信息，交流和知识生产的经验。在加西亚·马尔克斯图书馆，各种生态系统同时提供，再现了呼吸新鲜空气的条件(在高架广场广场展示)，聚会(在一楼的思想论坛空间)，电视机或戏剧仪式(在较低楼层的可扩展多功能厅)，在家阅读，螺旋相遇(从庭院的中央楼梯)等。通过这种方式，通过各种生态系统的积累，公共图书馆被配置为一个欢迎空间，每个人都可以找到自己的位置，自己的角落。图书馆是每个人的家。

The architectural program is intense and dynamic as it acts as a true social condenser, which has captured and developed situations that promote the experience of information, exchange, and knowledge production. In the Garcia Marquez library, various ecosystems are offered simultaneously that reproduce the conditions of taking the fresh air (in the elevated square agora-showcase), of a gathering (in the space of the ground floor idea forum), of a television set or a theatricalized ceremony (in the extendable multipurpose room on the lower floor), of reading at home, of a spiral of encounters (from the central staircase of the patio), etc. In this way, through the accumulation of the various ecosystems, the public library is configured as a welcoming space where everyone can find their place, their corner. The library is everyone's home.

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