土木在线论坛 \ 园林景观 \ 景观规划设计 \ 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心：花园之心

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心：花园之心

发布于：2022-07-29 10:26:29 来自：园林景观/景观规划设计 [复制转发]

感谢Safdie Architects的分享

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心

摩西·萨夫迪：创造一个社区

“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心项目为我们提供了一个设计启发式学习与研究空间的机会。未来的医学精英可以在这里亲近自然、互动交流、共同成长。”

——摩西·萨夫迪 Moshe Safdie

作为拉丁美洲最先进的医学研究机构之一，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心（Albert Einstein Education and Research Center, AEERC）坐落在巴西圣保罗莫伦比住宅区，是巴西第一所由私立医院建立的医学院，被公认为该领域最重要的学习及研究机构之一。

the Albert Einstein Education and Research Center (AEERC) is one of Latin America’s most advanced institutions for medical research and study. Located in the residential district of Morumbi, S?o Paulo, adjacent to the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, the AEERC is the latest initiative of the premier Brazilian healthcare institute Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein. As the first medical school to be established by a private hospital in Brazil, it is envisioned as a landmark learning and research environment

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心 - 日景

?Timothy Hursley

摩西·萨夫迪在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心

?Safdie Architects

“建筑外部富于变化，引人向内一观；内部中心则是宽敞的多层花园，柳暗花明，给人以通透、振奋之感。建筑设计与人们在这里所从事的有意义的学习和研究相呼应，增强了人们在学有所成时的兴奋感。”——Sean Scensor 萨夫迪建筑事务所合伙人，AEERC项目负责人

"While the exterior is scaled to be discrete, the spacious multi-level garden at the heart of the center feels like an unexpected discovery: bright, inviting, and inspiring. The environment we have created embodies the excitement of learning and research." Sean Scensor, Partner in charge of the project for Safdie Architects.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心 - 夜景

?Timothy Hursley

兼具教育和研究功能

Educational and Research Program

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医院综合体的重要组成部分，直接与医院的主体建筑相连接，集医药、护理、研究生教育以及医学研究等多种功能于一身，横跨教育、研究及医疗服务等多个领域，为二十一世纪人类该如何学习并实践医学提供了一个崭新的视角。

The program brings medical, nursing and graduate studies, as well as medical research activities all under one roof, connected directly to the main hospital complex. The AEERC project reflects Einstein’s interdisciplinary approach to education, research and healthcare delivery, and their perspective on how medicine should be taught and practiced in the 21st century.

融合教育与研究功能的综合建筑

?Timothy Hursley

该中心包括40间支持高端技术的教室，可通过调整家具将教室灵活划分为多个操作区域，为30至60名学生提供小组式的学习空间。此外中心还包括一座400席的多功能礼堂、多间用于解剖学和形态学研究的学术实验室，以及一系列配备先进仿真设施的模拟检查室、诊疗室和手术室。这些设施可供2,000名学生开展医护共同学习的混合课程。

The project provides 40 technology-supported classrooms, divisible by operable partitions with flexible furniture configurations that facilitate team-based learning for 30 to 60 students. Other educational facilities include a 400-seat multi-purpose auditorium, academic laboratories for the study of anatomy and morphology, as well as state-of the art simulation facilities to replicate examination rooms, clinics, and operating rooms. The medical and nursing mixed curriculum, in which doctors and nurses study together in the same facilities, serves 2,000 students.

中心配备了一系列先进的研究设施，例如分子生物学实验室会配备一个组织培养设施和两个2级生物安全（BSL-2）实验室，此外还包含纳米技术设施、流式细胞仪设施、显微镜设备、基因组学设施以及用于细胞研究和基因治疗的无菌实验室。实验室均采用模块化的服务及家具系统，提高了适应性与灵活性。

State-of-the-art research facilities include laboratories for Experimental Molecular Biology, including a Tissue Culture facility and 2 Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) rooms; Nanotechnology; Flow cytometry facility; Microscopy Facility; Genomics Facility; Clean Rooms for Cellular Research and Gene Therapy. Laboratories are equipped with modular lab furniture systems and adaptable service modules for flexibility.

环绕中庭的丰富公共空间

?Timothy Hursley

天窗结构与遮阳设计

Skylight Structure and Shading

3,800平方米的玻璃屋顶，由三个巨大的穹顶互相交叠而成，组成了一个网格化的壳体，以最轻的钢结构撑起了86米的巨拱。同时，多层玻璃的组合设计，兼具滤光、散热和吸声功能。

The 3,800-square-meter glass roof is designed as three integrated structural domes, which act as a grid-shell to efficiently vault 86m+ with minimum structural steel weight. The roof is designed as an assembly of layers that filter sunlight, mitigate heat, and absorb sound.

天窗外层由1,854块高透明度玻璃板构成，使用的玻璃材料反射率极小，可以避免反光影响。此外，玻璃板涂有三层银面，能够减少太阳辐射热能，印在其上的半透明陶点还可用于遮阳。

The outer skylight is made up of 1,854 ultra-transparent glass panels, coated with triple-silver solar protection to reduce heat gain, and printed with a pattern of translucent ceramic dots to shade sunlight. The glass has minimal reflectivity to avoid disturbing exterior reflections.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学教育研究中心

Sean Scensor：天窗的创新

?Safdie Architects

三个相互交叠的巨大穹顶

?Timothy Hursley

身临树下的光影效果

?Safdie Architects

天窗内层为透明的薄膜结构，其上设有微型孔洞用于吸收噪音，并印有定制的半透明圆点以辅助遮阳。天窗的穹顶中央几近透明，而靠近东西两端圆点密度逐渐增大，使得充足的自然光可以照向中央花园茂盛的植物，而东西方向的低角度阳光则被有效遮蔽。同时，这些圆点在自然光下形成独特的光线效果——从下方看，层层叠叠的点状图案仿佛斑驳的树影，营造出在巨树下沐浴阳光的独特感受。

The inner layer of the roof is a transparent membrane, micro-perforated to absorb noise and printed with a custom pattern of translucent dots that provide shading, but also glow in the light. The increasing density of dots towards the East and West ends shades low-angle sun, while the center dome is entirely clear, allowing full sunlight to reach the denser planting in the center garden. As seen from below, the overlapping layers of dots, is like seeing dappled sunlight through the overlapping leaves of a tree, evoking the feeling of being under a tree canopy.

印有半透明圆点的玻璃穹顶

?Timothy Hursley

穹顶几何构造及半透明玻璃印点设计

?Safdie Architects

立面遮阳百叶

Brises Soleil

连续的通高玻璃幕墙为实验室与教室提供了充足的自然采光，而其外部的围护结构设计了两种遮阳方式——一部分楼层通过悬挑的楼板形成荫蔽；另一部分楼层则外覆遮阳百叶，在控制日照、防止眩光的同时，保留了室内望向周围的视野。

A continuous full-height glass fa?ade gives extensive daylight to both labs and classrooms. The enclosure is designed such that alternating floors are either shaded by deep overhangs or screened by brises soleil to control daylight and glare, while preserving views to the neighborhood.

遮阳百叶的翼型形状及其角度和间距，均由计算机日照分析生成，并通过全尺寸的物理模型进行验证。根据不同的阳光朝向，立面采用斜向或水平的遮阳百叶。同时，室内还设有可自主操作的遮光帘，使人们可以更灵活地控制室内光照。

The airfoil shape of the louvers, as well as their angle and spacing, was developed using computer sun studies, tested with full scale physical models. The louvers are oriented either diagonally or horizontally, depending on the orientation of each fa?ade to the path of the sun. Interior operable solar shades and black out shades allow for flexible daylight control.

依据光照条件分析生成的立面遮阳系统

?Timothy Hursley

立面遮阳百叶 - 局部及细节

?Timothy Hursley

环境控制系统

Environmental Controls

作为教育研究中心学习、协作与社群交流的核心空间，中庭花园采用了复杂的环境控制系统来维持舒适健康的环境，实现可持续发展的目标。

The atrium garden is the heart of the project’s learning, collaboration, and community spaces. A sophisticated environmental control system works to maintain a comfortable and healthy building environment, key to the sustainability goals of the project.

该系统的机电设施仅在需要时向中庭提供低水平、低速率的供冷，旨在尽可能减少能源消耗的同时，控制湿度并提高舒适度。湿度平衡系统也满足了严格的实验室环境要求，并为植物生长创造了有利条件。此外，该系统采用了大量的流体动力学计算分析，模拟了中庭大体量空间的热量分层以及火灾时的烟雾疏散。

The mechanical system was engineered to deliver cooling to the atrium only where required, at low level and at low velocity, to maximize comfort, control humidity and minimize energy usage. The environment was also designed to balance humidity levels in the building, to provide comfort, support plant needs, but also control humidity to meet strict laboratory environmental requirements. Extensive fluid dynamic computer simulations were used to model the stratification of heat in the voluminous space, and to simulate the evacuation of smoke in the event of a fire.

自然光照入中庭

?Timothy Hursley

宜人、宜植物的内部环境

?Safdie Architects

景观设计

Landscape

萨夫迪建筑事务所与巴西景观设计师Isabel Duprat合作设计的中庭花园，种植了各种本土树木和林下植物。阶梯状的花园好似把土地一层层切开，强化了中庭的曲线形状。不同层次的树木绿植形成了各式各样的空间，既有圆形剧场、展览空间等开放式社交场所，也有喷泉旁并排座位这样的安静私密之地。

Designed in collaboration with Brazilian landscape architect Isabel Duprat, the atrium garden is planted with a variety of native species of trees and understory plantings. The terraced planters reinforce the curving geometry of the atrium, appearing as if carved from the earth. The layering of trees and planting creates a variety of spaces, from the social amphitheater and exhibition space to quiet intimate spaces lined with seating around a small fountain.

各种树木与林下植物交织的中庭花园

?Timothy Hursley

要在精心管控的环境中种植本土植物并形成如此规模的花园，这在巴西建筑中是前所未有的。因此萨夫迪建筑事务所联合了国际景观、环境和园艺团队，在植物选择、土壤混合、容器设计、灌溉、维护和环境控制系统等多个方面进行了为期两年的深入研究，并借鉴了新加坡的滨海湾花园（Gardens by the Bay）、星耀樟宜机场（Jewel Changi Airport），以及英国的邱园（Kew Gardens）、伊甸园（Eden project）等项目的成功经验。

Since a garden of this size with native trees in a fully controlled environment was unprecedented in Brazil, the international landscape, environmental and horticultural team undertook two years of research on various aspects such as species selection, soil mix, planter design, irrigation, maintenance, and control systems, learning from projects like Gardens by the Bay and Project Jewel in Singapore and Kew Gardens and the Eden project in the UK.

巴西式的花园曲线

?Safdie Architects

植物被移植到建筑中之前，均在圣保罗郊外的苗圃中进行了两年的适应性培育。该苗圃模拟了中庭内的光照条件，由此可根据植物生长的光照需求，以及三维模型分析下中庭不同区域的预期光照水平，确定各类植物在中庭的合适位置。

Before being transplanted, plants were acclimatized during a two-year period in a nursery outside of S?o Paulo, which simulated the light conditions within the atrium. Various species of trees requiring different amounts of sunlight to thrive were positioned in response to a 3D computer model mapping expected daylight levels in different zones of the atrium.

中庭种植了150多棵树，包括盾籽木、萼叶茜木、朱萨拉棕榈树、巴西葡萄树、全萼马先蒿、杏叶茴芹、丽薇属、厚壳桂属、尼克樟、小杂花豆木以及胡椒木属，其中一些植物是在民间医学中的药材，中庭的鹅卵石地面采用了当地的石英石，呼应了特里亚农公园（Parque Trianon）等巴西圣保罗知名公园中的景观

?Timothy Hursley

植物从中庭向外延伸到街道，北侧是一片竹林，南侧是一片棕榈林，项目保留了场地中一棵巨大的巴西孪叶苏木（一种受环境保护的本土树种），并将其移植到了靠近建筑主入口处的显眼位置，建筑外部种植了180多棵树，包括巴西铁木、红蚁木、三色堇、巴西栗木、巴西孪叶苏木、粉色水仙、金色水仙、孔雀花、尖叶蓝花楹、白坚木、玉蕊木、可食埃塔棕、巴西苏木、铁刀木属以及角茎野牡丹

?Timothy Hursley

建筑外围沿着街道设置了护城河般的采光井，为下方教室和实验室提供自然光，并种植了悬挂的藤蔓。所有车道和人行道均采用透水的铺路材料，以吸收雨水、减少径流

建筑材料

Materials

该项目采用了多种本地木材，包括用于图书馆的毛卷花桑和巴西孪叶苏木，用于礼堂的巴西洋椿，以及手工挑选的用于包覆电梯核心和定制门的绿心樟。教室和实验室使用了天然橡胶地板，从赤陶色到淡黄色共五种颜色，代表不同楼层，可为人们提供直观的空间定位。巴西本地采购的移动式、模块化家具，可灵活组织，服务于不断发展的学习和研究计划。

Several locally-sourced species of wood are used in the project, including Jequitiba and Jatobá wood for the library and Cedro Rosso for the auditorium. The Imbuia wood used to clad the elevator cores and for custom doors was hand selected from previously harvested lots.

Natural rubber flooring is used in the classrooms and labs, in five colors ranging from terracotta red to egg yolk yellow, one color per floor, to define a different character on each floor and help provide orientation.

Furniture was locally-sourced from Brazil and selected to be modular and mobile to serve the flexible and evolving learning and research program.