科技带来力量——《用实时在线的三卤甲烷分析仪来优化水处理曝气工艺》

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原文链接：

https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/opfl.1676

原文作者：

Jason Meeks

原文出处：J Opflow

翻译：阮辰旼

Optimize Water Treatment Aeration Processes With Real-Time THM Data

用实时在线的三卤甲烷分析仪来优化水处理曝气工艺

In the United States, aeration is widely adopted as a solution to lower THM levels in water distribution networks and storage systems. However, utilities spend a significant amount of operating capital to mitigate harmful THMs with aeration because it's an energy-intensive process. If a utility overtreats, it wastes a lot of money; if it undertreats, it might violate regulations. Thus, managing a cost-efficient, effective aeration system depends on understanding the THM profile of incoming water as well as treated water throughout the distribution network and storage systems.

在美国，作为降低输配系统个和储水系统中三卤甲烷浓度的解决方案，曝气被广泛应用。然而，由于曝气是一个能源密集型的过程，公用事业公司花费大量的运营资金来减轻有害的三卤甲烷。如果公用事业公司过度处理，就会浪费大量的资金；如果处理不当，就可能违反法规。因此，管理一个具有成本效益的、有效的曝气系统取决于了解进水的三卤甲烷概况，以及整个分配网络和储存系统的处理水。

Located on California's Central Coast, the City of San Luis Obispo's water treatment plant is a 16-mgd facility with a distribution system span of more than 180 miles. The plant receives water from three different surface water reservoirs with varying levels of naturally occurring organic material in the feedwater. The facility uses ozone for primary water disinfection; however, secondary disinfection is done with free chlorine.

圣路易斯奥比斯波市水厂位于加州的中央海岸，是一个处理能力为16百万加仑每天的设施，其输配系统的覆盖跨度超过180英里。该水厂从三个不同的地表水库取原水，原水中有不同程度的天然有机物质。该水厂使用臭氧进行对原水进行预氧化消毒，二级消毒是用游离氯进行。

In 2014 and 2015, the city experienced high THM levels. In the wake of these events, staff began to research processes and practices that could prevent high-THM recurrences. To ensure DBP regulatory compliance, the city chose in-tank aeration to mitigate THMs. Although the process effectively removes THMs, it uses a lot of energy. Faced with energy costs of approximately $10,000 per month, San Luis Obispo began searching for a solution that would help reduce energy expenses while optimizing the treatment process.

在2014年和2015年，该市经历了三卤甲烷高浓度水平的事件。在这些事件发生后，工作人员开始研究可以防止三卤甲烷浓度再次过高的工艺和做法。为了确保符合消毒副产物法规，该市选择了罐内曝气来缓解三卤甲烷。尽管该工艺能有效地去除三卤甲烷，但它需要消耗大量的能源。面对每月约10,000美元的能源成本，圣路易斯奥比斯波市开始寻找一种解决方案，以帮助减少能源开支，同时优化处理工艺。

Aeration system manufacturers often talk about percent THM reduction. However, to optimize the treatment process, utilities are better served with data on the absolute level of THMs leaving storage tanks or reservoirs regardless of levels entering or forming within them. Understanding real-time THM levels can be difficult because they change rapidly and are influenced by varying water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, precursors such as organic matter and bromide, chlorination levels, rain events, and more, along with water demand and age.

曝气系统供应商经常会讨论三卤甲烷的减少百分比。然而，为了真正优化处理工艺，水务公司最好需要掌握离开储水池或水箱的三卤甲烷浓度的数据，而不考虑进入储水池或在其中生成的浓度。了解实时的三卤甲烷水平是很困难的，因为它们变化很快，而且受到不同的水质参数的影响，包括温度、pH值、有机物和溴化物等前体物、加氯水平、是否下雨等，以及水量的需求和水龄情况。

These frequent and significant THM fluctuations, occurring even within the same day, can be difficult to capture with quarterly regulatory grab samples. As a result, an immediate operational response to fluctuating DBP levels is impossible because of the turnaround time for THM results from external laboratory analyses. This lack of real-time influent and effluent THM data limits the operational certainty of a utility's DBP mitigation efforts.

这些频繁而显著的三卤甲烷的浓度波动，甚至会在同一天内发生，这就导致很难通过季度周期的水质监管采集的水样来发现这一现象。所以，受限于实验室对三卤甲烷检测分析的周期时间，水务公司不可能对波动的消毒副产物浓度作出即时的操作反应。这种缺乏实时进水和出水的三卤甲烷浓度数据的客观情况，限制了水务公司降解消毒副产物的工作的有效性。

Because of these concerns, many utilities are turning to online THM analyzers to monitor water quality in real time and manage their aeration processes in a sustainable, effective manner. There's a direct correlation between an aeration system's cost-effective operation and a utility's ability to understand THM levels in real time.

由于上述的这些问题，许多水务公司正在转向使用在线三卤甲烷分析仪来实时监测水质，并以可持续、有效的方式管理他们的曝气工艺。曝气系统的有效运行与水务公司实时了解三卤甲烷浓度水平的能力之间有直接的关系。

The City of San Luis Obispo selected a THM-100 online THM analyzer from Aqua Metrology Systems (www.aquametrologysystems.com) to effectively manage its water treatment process and inform the city's reservoir management strategy. The analyzer delivers accurate, reliable high-density THM data with an average sample time of less than 120 minutes.

圣路易斯奥比斯波市选择了Aqua Metrology Systems公司的THM-100在线三卤甲烷分析仪，以有效地管理其水处理工艺，并为该市的储水库管理策略提供信息。该分析仪可以提供准确、可靠、高密度的三卤甲烷浓度数据，平均采样间隔不到120分钟。

The analyzer comes standard with sampling every 4 hours and can be adjusted for more or less frequent intervals. In addition to the online samples, manually collected grab samples from other locations in a network can be collected and analyzed with the THM analyzer alongside samples taken automatically by the monitor in its online mode.

该分析仪的标准配置是每4小时采样一次，可以调整为更多或更少的采样间隔。除了在线采样外，水务公司还可以从输配系统中的其他位置手动采集水样，与在线模式下自动采集的水样一起用三卤甲烷分析仪进行检测分析。

The city's online THM analyzer is connected to a supervisory control and data acquisition system, allowing operators to track daily, weekly, and seasonal trends when switching between water sources. Before the online analyzer's installation, the city's water treatment plant operators had to conduct grab samples every week from various sites in the distribution system. Also, they would randomly pick sections in the distribution system to sample each week to gain a better understanding of what was happening in the distribution system network.

该市的在线三卤甲烷分析仪与监督控制系统和数据采集系统相连，使操作人员在切换来水时能够跟踪每日、每周和季节性的变化趋势。在安装在线分析仪之前，该市水厂的操作人员不得不每周从输配系统的不同地点采集水样。此外，他们每周还要在输配系统中随机挑选部分位置进行采样，以更好地了解输配系统中的水质情况。

Thanks to the fully automated THM monitor, the city analyzes three water treatment plant samples and performs up to four bottle grab samples from the distribution system each day. With the online analyzer, the operations team can see aeration system performance in real time, including on their cellphones, which gives them peace of mind and allows them to focus on other important aspects of their jobs.

由于拥有了全自动的三卤甲烷监测，该市每天只要分析三个水厂中的水样，并从输配系统中采集四个水样即可。有了在线分析仪，运营团队可以从包括手机端在内的各种渠道实时观察到曝气系统的运行效能，这会让他们感到安心，并使他们能够专注于他们工作的其他的重要方面。

In addition to delivering accurate, reliable THM results, the energy savings realized from better managing the aeration process have surpassed the City of San Luis Obispo's investment in the online analyzer. With the use of real-time THM data, the city has been able to achieve a more sustainable, cost-effective aeration process.

除了可以获取准确、可靠的三卤甲烷数据结果外，通过更好地管理曝气工艺而实现的能源节约已经超过了圣路易斯奥比斯波市在在线分析仪上的投资本身。通过充分应用实时三卤甲烷数据，该市已经能够使曝气工艺实现更可持续的、具有成本效益的效果。