流畅的流线型体：西港2号码头

发布于：2022-07-04 13:21:04 来自：建筑设计/公共建筑设计 [复制转发]

转自公众号：PES Architects

由PES建筑事务所设计的西港2号码头，位于赫尔辛基港西岸新货运港区J?tk?saari附近的一块狭长场地上。新码头的建造是为满足赫尔辛基至塔林航线上不断增长的渡轮客流量需求。设计旨在提升乘客上下船的速度，并将港口渡轮的周转时间缩短至1小时。新码头每年将容纳超过六至七百万往返于赫尔辛基和塔林的游客。

PES-Architects’ West Terminal 2 (L?nsiterminaali 2), completed in February 2017, is situated in Helsinki's West Harbour on a narrow plot of reclaimed land at the southern tip of the new J?tk?saari neighbourhood, a former freight port area. The new terminal was built to meet the needs of the growing ferry traffic on the Helsinki-Tallinn route. The goal was to enable faster embarkation and disembarkation of passengers and reduce the turnaround times of ferries in port to just one hour. The terminal will serve the majority of the 6-7 million passengers travelling between Helsinki and Tallinn via West Harbour each year.

▲建筑外观，拍摄：Marc Goodwin

▲主入口，拍摄：Kari Palsila

▲室外露台，拍摄：Kari Palsila

新码头位于两个老码头间，充分利用相对较小的地块。由于船岸的大部分区域需要用来停放车辆，因此建筑首层采用了尽可能紧凑的设计。二层的离港大厅抬升于地面10米，使建筑下方的交通更加顺畅。大厅的中心地位和抬升的体量还最大程度地缩短了乘客的步行距离，使其能够更为迅速地经由桥和走廊登上码头任何一侧的船只。

The terminal building is located between two quays to make the most of the relatively small plot. As most of the dock area is required for the vehicles queuing to board the ferries, the ground level was designed to be as compact as possible. The second-level departure lounge was raised 10 meters off the ground, allowing traffic to flow smoothly under the building. The central, raised location of the lounge also minimises passengers’ walking distances along the corridors and bridges to the ships on either side of the terminal.

▲抬升于地面10米的离港大厅使建筑下方的交通更加顺畅，拍摄：Marc Goodwin

▲建筑首层采用了尽可能紧凑的设计，拍摄：Marc Goodwin

建筑首层主要用作通行区域，分有多个出口和入口大厅。乘客首先从十五米高的、以玻璃墙围合的检票区域进入大楼，随后乘坐扶手电梯和升降机迅速地到达离港大厅。

The ground floor is mainly a pass-through area with separate exit and entrance lobbies. Passengers enter the terminal through a check-in area with glass walls 15 meters high and then quickly progress to the departure lounge on escalators and lifts.

▲检票区域，拍摄：Kari Palsila

▲乘客可经由扶手电梯和升降机迅速到达二层离港大厅，拍摄：Marc Goodwin

离港大厅是一个形似飞机棚的宽阔区域，并包含餐厅、咖啡厅和就座区。高大的玻璃墙朝向海面，能够将来往的船只尽收眼底。旅客们可以倚靠在窗边的橡木台面，或者于夏季在临海的露台上享受美景。高度为9米的广阔天花板由经过热处理的松木板条构成，其中容纳了照明、通风和消防喷洒装置。天花从中部向两侧缓缓降低，将乘客引致登船桥的方向。玻璃墙面和照明方案共同确保了乘客路径的清晰与安全。离港和到港旅客的交通路径相互分离，到港旅客直接被引至手扶电梯，经由首层的海关大厅走出码头。建筑框架有着复杂的几何形态，尤其是从屋脊处双向弯曲的屋顶。该结构通过钢制框架结构得以实现。

The departure lounge is a spacious, hangar-like space with a restaurant, café, and seating. High glass walls open to a sweeping view of the sea and incoming and departing ships. The view can be enjoyed from the oak counter running along the full width of the window wall or, in summer, from the seaside terrace. The expansive wooden ceiling, made from heat-treated pine slats, rises up to a height of nine meters. Lighting, ventilation, and sprinklers are integrated discretely into the ceiling. From the middle, the ceiling slopes down towards the sides, directing passengers to the boarding bridges. Glass surfaces and lighting solutions play an important role in keeping the passenger route clear and safe. The departing and arriving passenger flows are separated, with arriving passengers being guided directly onto escalators and out of the terminal through customs on the ground floor. The geometry of the terminal frame is complex, particularly the roof that curves bi-directionally from the ridge. This was implemented with a steel frame structure.

▲离港大厅，拍摄：Kari Palsila

▲离港大厅包含了餐厅、咖啡厅和就座区，拍摄：Kari Palsila

▲旅客们可以倚靠在窗边的橡木台享受美景，拍摄：Marc Goodwin

除了提高码头的运行效率，建筑师也通过设计的方式营造出高雅舒适的内部环境。新码头是J?tk?saari地区发展中重要的公共建筑，因此运用了耐久性较好的建筑材料，让建筑不至于在短期内随着时间的推移而黯然失色。

In addition to the requirement for efficiency, the design aimed at a high standard of elegance, quality, and comfort. The terminal is a significant public building in the developing urban environment of J?tk?saari. Materials were chosen for wear resistance so as to retain their attractiveness throughout the lifespan of the building, at least for the next hundred years.

▲抗磨蚀材料使码头能够在未来至少几百年间保持自身魅力，拍摄：Kari Palsila

从外观看，建筑流畅的流线型体仿佛被海浪冲上岸的海洋生物，玻璃、混凝土和铝板在阳光下闪闪发光。在主入口附近，立面运用的松木板保留了建筑的历史感，以纪念木船时代。

From outside, the sleek, flowing lines of the building resemble a sea creature washed ashore, with glass, concrete and sea aluminum facades that gleam in the sun. Near the main entrance, the pine boards of the facade commemorate the time when ships were still made of wood.