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日本特色幼儿园设计:螺旋坡道一直延伸到屋顶,一个既能防灾又能玩乐的建筑

发布于:2021-11-03 09:35:03 来自:建筑设计/公共建筑设计 [复制转发]



这所幼儿园位于东京葛饰区一个人口密集的城市社区。一所破败的公立幼儿园正在重建,被转让给私人所有,举行了一场竞赛来选择建筑师。我们提交了一份与一家公司合作申请接管管理层的提案。竞赛要求设计考虑到学校的历史和环境,以及当代社会的复杂需求。


This nursery school is located in a dense urban neighborhood in Tokyo’s Katsushika ward. A run-down public nursery school was being rebuilt and transferred to private ownership, and a competition was held to select an architect. We submitted a proposal in collaboration with a company applying to take over management. The competition required that the design takes into consideration the school’s history and environment as well as the complex needs of contemporary society.



我们的获奖方案满足了这些要求,同时也包含了四个重叠的功能,以确保该设施在未来多年里继续受到社区的喜爱和使用:这是一个“房子”,孩子们可以在辅导员和家人知道是安全的环境中自由玩耍;一个“公园”,所有的学生都可以在这里活动他们的身体,发展他们的思维;一所“学校”,让他们学会欣赏生命和食物的价值;以及一个“堡垒”,在附近河床泛滥和其他灾害期间保护社区。

Our winning proposal met these requirements while also containing four overlapping functions that ensure the facility will continue to be loved and used by the community for many years to come: it is a “house” where children can play freely in a setting their instructors and families know is safe; a “park” where all students can move their bodies and develop their minds; a “school” where they can learn to appreciate the value of life and food; and a “fort” to protect the community during the flooding of the nearby raised-bed river and other disasters.


钢筋混凝土结构由混凝土平板和能承受水压力的径向墙柱组成。这座10米高的建筑有三层,大多数教室在二楼,离地面3.7米,可以抵御洪水。为了在密集的住宅社区中确保隐私和缓冲噪音,以及便于维护,建筑的外部三面封闭,并围绕着一个庭院。c形建筑的第四面朝向相邻的公园。

外墙被划分成与周围建筑规模相匹配的部分。在北侧,一层从建筑前面的狭窄道路后退,拓宽了街道,从而避免了自行车和汽车在早晚高峰时停下来上下车的拥堵和事故的风险。

The reinforced concrete structure is comprised of flat concrete slabs and radial wall pillars that can withstand water pressure. The ten-meter-high building has three floors, with most of the classrooms on the second floor, 3.7 meters above ground level, to withstand flooding. To ensure privacy and buffer noise in the dense residential neighborhood, as well as for ease of maintenance, the exterior of the building is closed off on three sides and surrounds a courtyard. The fourth side of the C-shaped building opens toward an adjacent park. The fa?ade is divided into sections that match the scale of the surrounding buildings. On the north side, the first floor is set back from the narrow road that runs in front of the building, widening the street and thereby avoiding the risk of congestion and accidents during the morning and evening rush of bicycles and cars stopped for drop-off and pickup.


该设计包含了多条循环路线,其中一些在整个建筑中循环,让孩子们在普通的玩耍时间参与,另一些则是垂直移动的紧急使用路线,人们在火灾中向下移动,在洪水灾害中向上移动,以确保安全疏散。
特别是,螺旋坡道一直延伸到屋顶 ,宽阔的楼梯创造了应急存储空间,天花板高度可以根据年龄调整,而在二楼,分层座位可以在紧急情况下容纳200至300人,包括学校的165名学生、工作人员以及等待救援的社区成员。

The design incorporates multiple circulation routes, including some that loop through the entire building to keep children engaged during ordinary playtime, and others for emergency use that move vertically, with people going down in fires and up in flood disasters to ensure safe evacuation. In particular, the spiraling ramp that extends all the way to the roof and the wide staircase create room for emergency storage space and ceiling heights adjusted according to age, while on the second floor, tiered seating can accommodate 200 to 300 people during emergencies, including the school’s 165 students as well as staff and community members waiting for help to arrive.


设计一个既能防灾又能玩乐的建筑,既能通过邻近的公园向社区开放,又能尊重社区和街景,但又不能让用户经常意识到它在扮演这些不同的角色,感觉有点像在解决一个具有巨大变量的多变量方程。

此外,我们力求在设计的形式和色彩上达到平衡,确保建筑能够对灾害和长期的社会变化作出反应的灵活性,以及适合于幼儿园的外观而又不至于过于幼稚--也就是说,这是一个结合了质量和力量的设施。

Designing a building that is disaster-proof but also a fun place to play, open to the community via the adjacent park but also respectful of the neighborhood and streetscapes, and yet which does not make its users constantly aware it is performing these diverse roles felt a bit like solving a multivariate equation with enormous variables. In addition, we strived to achieve balance in the forms and colors of the design, flexibility to ensure the building can respond to disasters as well as long-term societal changes, and an appearance that is appropriate for a nursery school without being overly childish—that is, a facility that combines quality and strength.

区位图
平面图
立面图
剖面图
爆炸分析图
容积图
洪水期间
建筑师:Aisaka Architects’ Atelier
地点:日本
面积:779 m2
年份:2021

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