半干旱区水循环与水生态安全关键技术

本项目针对半干旱区农牧交错带由水土资源开发造成的重大水资源与生态问题，开展理论与应用基础研究。半干旱区草原自然生态系统，在大规模的土地开垦和地下水灌溉条件下，草原生态空间不断萎缩、地下水位持续下降，对农牧区的生存与发展形成了重大威胁。

This project aims to carry out the oretical and applied basic research on the major water resources and ecological problems caused by the development of water and land resources in the agro-pastoral ecotone of semi-arid regions. Under the condition of large-scale agriculture irrigation and groundwater extraction, grassland ecological space continues to shrink and groundwater level continues to decline in semi-grid regions, which poses a major threat to the survival and development of agricultural and pastoral areas.

   

针对上述一系列问题，在水利部公益性行业科研专项支持下，本项目针对年降雨量200-400mm、水面蒸发量大于1000mm、干旱指数在3-7之间的半干旱区开展了长期的滚动跟踪研究，为具有半干旱区特色的水文水资源与生态安全理论技术，前瞻性、基础性、原创性突出。

In response to the above series of problems, with the support of the nonprofit research projects of the Ministry of Water Resources, this project has carried out a long-term rolling tracking study on semi-arid regions with annual rainfall of 200-400mm, water surface evaporation greater than 1,000mm and drought index between 3 and 7. It is a forward-looking and basic theoretical technology of hydrology, water resources and ecological security specifically targeted at semi-arid regions with remarkable creativeness.

揭示了灌溉对半干旱区地下水形成的影响机理。定量揭示了微滴灌导致灌溉回归水的消失以及降水入渗补给变化过程，分析了二者共同使得地下水采补平衡水位上升的影响，分析研究了微滴灌对半干旱区垂向水文循环产生的影响。

Having discovered the influence mechanism of irrigation on groundwater formation in semi-arid regions, quantitatively revealed the disappearance of irrigation return flow and the change process of precipitation recharging groundwater caused by micro-drip irrigation, analyzed the influence of the combination of these two approaches for water table balanced groundwater exploitation and replenishment, and studied the impacts of micro-drip irrigation on the vertical hydrological cycle in semi-arid regions.

   

形成了基于草原自然属性的半干旱区农牧交错带生态格局评价分析方法。建立农牧交错带区域生态结构评价方法，提出半干旱区草原农牧交错带生态景观合理结构比例。

Having formed an evaluation and analysis method for ecological pattern of agro-pastoral ecotone in semi-arid regions based on grassland natural attributes, established an evaluation method for regional ecological structure of agro-pastoral ecotone, and proposed the reasonable proportion of ecological landscape structure of grassland agro-pastoral ecotone in semi-arid region.

   

提出了半干旱区农牧交错带地下水控制水位的差别式管理。在半干旱区全面研究具有物理机制和实验实证为基础的临界地下水位（包括降水入渗补给的地下水临界埋深，和地下水补给植被的临界埋深）；提出以地下水临界埋深为控制性指标的管控红线；建立地下水动力学模型，研究提出地下水水井布设的原理和管控准则。

Having put forward the differentiated management of groundwater control levels in the agro-pastoral ecotone in semi-arid region, proposed the so called “red line” based on  the comprehensive study on the threshold groundwater table (including the threshold groundwater table of precipitation recharging groundwater and groundwater supplying vegetation) with physical mechanism and experimental evidence in semi-arid regions; established the model of groundwater dynamics and developed the principle and control criteria of groundwater well layout.

   

提出了基于生态安全的半干旱区循环经济发展模式。建立半干旱区经济社会发展方式循环经济产业链的水生态安全分析工具，形成基础性与实用性相结合的创新技术方法。

Having proposed the development pattern of circular economy in semi-arid regions based on ecological security, created the ecological security analysis tool for the industrial chain of circular economy in the economic and social development pattern of semi-arid regions and established an innovative technical method with fundamentality and practicability.

研究成果在内蒙古东部开展了及时推广应用，效果显著，为草原生态保护和地下水合理利用发挥了巨大作用。项目成果在内蒙古各盟市和松辽流域得到迅速推广应用。

The research results have been applied and rolled out in Eastern Inner Mongolia in a timely manner bearing significant results, which have played a huge role in the ecological protection of grassland and rational utilization of groundwater. The project results have been rapidly promoted and applied in other areas in Inner Mongolia and Songliao River Basin. 

成果也为水利部强化内蒙古西辽河流域水资源管理工作提供了技术支撑；为华北平原典型区域地下水超采综合治理提供了参考依据。成果还推广到其它省区，如陕西省施行地下水分区域差别管理。