院落式布局——特色的中学设计

发布于：2021-07-09 09:04:09 来自：建筑设计/公共建筑设计 [复制转发]

苏州高新区第四中学

中衡设计

▲ 高新区第四中学总体鸟瞰图 ? 秦伟

高新区第四中学选址苏州枫桥片区，一首《枫桥夜泊》将此地刻画成文人学子理想的停息之地。江枫桥古迹斑斑，对愁而眠；古运河渔火点点，水波潋滟；寒山寺的钟声持续、深刻、影响着枫桥这个片区；更有曲水流觞，文人雅集的江枫草堂旧观。

SND No. 4 Middle School is located in Suzhou Fengqiao District, which was described as an ideal resting place for scholars in Chinese poetry called "Night Park at Fengqiao". Jiangfeng Bridge's historic spots, the Ancient Canal, Hanshan Temple, and Jiangfeng Cottage have a lasting and profound influence on the Fengqiao area.

▲ 高新区第四中学复杂、厚重的地段环境 ?秦伟

90年代城市运动席卷了枫桥片区，正如当时大多数南方城市一样，一大批拆迁小区及新式建筑迅速覆盖了原有的城市肌理，这片区域恬静的文化常态逐渐消失在人们的记忆中…面对这样丰富而多元的城市肌理和复杂、厚重的地段环境，我们既要满足校园建筑对大空间、大跨度的功能需求，又想要延续江南建筑肌理的地域性，传递枫桥人文古镇的历史神韵。

The urban movement swept Fengqiao in the 1990s. Just like most southern cities at that time, a large number of demolished communities and new buildings quickly covered the original urban texture. The quiet cultural normality of the region is fading into memory. In the face of such rich and diversified urban texture, complex and heavy district environment, our architects not only need to meet the functional requirements of campus buildings for large space and large span but also want to continue the regionality of Jiangnan architectural texture and convey the historical charm of Fengqiao cultural ancient town.

▲ 院落组织关系 ?中衡设计

▲ 院落轴线手稿 ?平家华

古院新布

江南民居特别是苏州园林建筑中的院落空间透露着江南匠人营造人、自然、空间关系的哲学。“院”承载太多江南寻常百姓对建筑与空间初步认知的启蒙，是这座城市不可更替的符号和记忆。这使得“院”顺理成章成为第四中学方案设计的原型。

The new layout of the ancient courtyard. The folk houses in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the courtyard space in Suzhou Garden, reveal the philosophy of the craftsmen in the south of the Yangtze River to create the relationship between man, nature, and space. "Courtyard" carries too many initial understanding of architecture and space enlightenment of people in the south of the Yangtze River, also as the city's irreplaceable symbol and memory. This makes it logical that the "courtyard" becomes the prototype of SND No. 4 Middle School.

▲ 中心内院1 ?秦伟

▲ 中心内院2 ?秦伟

第四中学建筑群根据功能不同划分为5个内聚的院落，包括教学院落、实验院落、图书院落及体育院落。一个核心院落位于所有功能的中心，再通过廊道连接其他的功能院落。通过建筑体量围合入口空间和行进路线，学校由南向北通过校前广场，前院，中心院落，后院，把校园文化的仪式感建立了起来。

According to different functions, SND No. 4 Middle School building complex is divided into five cohesive courtyards, including teaching courtyards, experimental courtyard, library courtyard, and sports courtyard. A core courtyard is located in the center of all functions and then connected with the corridor to other functional courtyards. From south to north, through the square in front of the school, the front yard, the central courtyard, and the backyard, the school has established the sense of ritual of campus culture.

▲ 中心内院3 ?秦伟

▲ 巷道空间 ?中衡设计

多个院落单体之间还通过组群关系形成外院、边院等更加丰富的院落形式，进一步增加了功能之间衔接的层次。多进院落不仅增加空间体验感，也使功能的分区更加合理，内与外、动与静、主与次，校园生活也可比拟园林游戏。

Multiple courtyards also form more abundant courtyard forms such as the outer courtyard and side courtyard through group relationships, which further increases the level of connection between functions. Multiple courtyards not only increase the sense of spatial experience but also make the functional division more reasonable. Inside and outside, dynamic and static, primary and secondary, campus life can also be compared with the Garden experience.

▲ 江南建筑的高墙与巷道 ?秦伟

▲ 教学楼之间的“街巷”尺度 ?秦伟

街巷肌理

江南民居聚落组织结构的形成是“自上而下”的过程，复杂的地域文化环境塑造了里巷串联合院式民居，形成诸如鱼骨巷、棋盘巷等结构形态。在方案创作时，我们则“自下而上”，由空间反推，以长廊、边院、外院、巷道等交通空间连接若干院落空间。传承传统江南民居群落组团城市肌理。

Streets texture. The community structure of folk dwellings in the south of the Yangtze River is a process of "top-down". The complex regional cultural environment has shaped the courtyard-style folk dwellings with lane clusters such as fishbone lanes and checkerboard lanes. During the design process, our architects adopted the "bottom-up" space structure, with a corridor, side yard, outer yard, roadway, and other traffic space to connect a number of courtyard spaces, inheriting the traditional folk dwellings in the south of the Yangtze River.

▲ 校园交往灰空间 ?秦伟

▲ 形式丰富的长廊 ?秦伟

▲ 形式丰富的长廊2 ?秦伟

连廊交通

我们转译的传统要素不仅有院落还有长廊，四中方案设计中的廊形式多样体验丰富，置身其中能够引发对拙政园“水廊”、“曲廊”和“复廊”的联想。无形中是对江南民居院落空间地域特色的继承，也是对江南地域气候特征的顺承。

Corridor traffic. The traditional elements we translated include not only courtyards but also corridors of Suzhou Garden. The corridors in the design of SND No. 4 Middle School has various forms and rich experience. Being in it can arouse the association of "water corridor", "curved corridor" and "complex corridor" of Humble Administrator's Garden, which is not only the inheritance of the regional characteristics of Jiangnan residential courtyard space but also the inheritance of the regional climate characteristics of Jiangnan.