说起楼梯界的颜值担当,不得不提的就 是“旋转楼梯” 。作为空间连通的枢纽,灵动飘逸、宛若舞动着的纽带。
不仅完美的符合其本身的功能性,还成为了空间的一部分甚至是焦点,给予空间超乎想象的视觉美感。
不过,小伙伴们,听说你们的旋转楼梯还在用钢筋混凝土结构?近几年都开始流行用 钢结构旋转楼梯 了哦!今天就从以下几点来聊一聊钢结构旋转楼梯:
1、 钢结构旋转楼梯的定义及特点
2、 钢结构旋转楼梯的类型(按结构形式划分)
3、 钢结构旋转楼梯的应用
钢结构旋转楼梯的定义及特点
1、 钢结构旋转楼梯的定义
旋转楼梯是 所有弯曲(曲线、弧形等)楼梯的统称。 而以 钢材构件作为主要结构支撑的弯曲的楼梯 ,便是钢结构旋转楼梯了。
说到这里,或许有的小伙伴会问了 , 钢结构旋转楼梯多丑啊?!怎么用到豪宅、展览馆、艺术门厅…这些高大上的空间中去啊?!好看的旋转楼梯不还是要用钢筋混凝土搞?!
△你以为的钢结构旋转楼梯
如果你以为只有全部构件材质都是钢质的旋转楼梯才叫做钢结构旋转楼梯,那小编只能告诉你,你以为的只是你以为的。
事实上, 只要结构主体(主要是指梁和柱)是钢结构的旋转楼梯都叫做钢结构旋转楼梯。
(注:以栏杆为主要承重结构的楼梯结构形式暂不在此次内容讨论)
踏步板、栏杆、扶手等非主要承重构件 ,只要符合国标设计规范, 可以选用钢质,也可以选用玻璃、木材、大理石、铝单板、塑钢等其他材料 。
即便全部承重构件都用钢质的, 也可以用各种装饰面层来优化设计 ,达到最佳效果。
2、 钢结构旋转楼梯的特点
a、 结实耐用,不易变形
钢材的强度、硬度很高,结构稳定,承重能力强,截面固定且不易改变。
b、 应用广泛
钢结构体系 可独立承重 ,不易受立柱、楼面等建筑结构影响,室内、室外的很多区域均可使用。
c、 造型多样,弧度多变
钢结构构件轻薄,既可以打造出轻盈飘逸的灵动风格,也可以成为富有厚重感的沉稳风格。
同时弧度可以不受结构形式的影响, 双曲线、抛物线 等类型的弯曲都可以实现。
d、 占用空间小,施工便捷
占用的空间小,节省了很大的使用空间,安装简便,可大大缩短施工时间。
钢结构旋转楼梯的类型
钢结构旋转楼梯作为空间结构构件, 受空间弯、剪、扭和轴力等共同作用 ,结构形式及其复杂。而旋转楼梯的设计也会因为所用的结构形式不同而产生不同的效果。
接下来,一起来了解一下其中最常用的2种结构形式—— 中柱式和板式 。
1、 中柱式
中柱式是由 钢管立柱、预制扇形踏步板、钢平台板及栏杆 等组成。
平面是以 中心立柱为圆心的同心圆 ,外形呈螺旋型三维空间曲线。
△楼梯立面及平面示意图
同样的,结构体系也是 以中心的钢柱为支撑点 ,楼梯 踏板作为悬臂梁从钢柱挑出 ,沿曲线旋转上升排列。
△中柱式钢结构示意图
同时层高、楼梯宽度、装饰面层的种类等因素,对结构设计影响较大,因而在设计过程中, 需与钢结构专业设计人员沟通,协同设计出满意的方案 。
△楼梯结构框架
△楼梯完成效果
中柱式结构在室内室外均广泛应用,室内适用于竖向空间联系,室外适用于从底层室外与楼层各层及屋顶。
△室内室外均广泛应用
通常按 每周15级左右踏步 布置,基础结构类型适用层高为2.7~6m的空间。
△每周15级踏步为宜
考虑到使用的安全性和舒适性,行人通过时,一般是下行较上行费力,为保证行人安全,在下行时能用右手握住扶手,宜考虑 栏杆扶手按上行顺时针方向设置。
△栏杆扶手按上行顺时针方向设置
2、 板式
板式旋转楼梯是 由内、外空腹曲梁、底部封板、踏步板和栏杆等组成 。
平面是以 2个同心圆围合而成 ,外形呈双曲螺旋型三维空间曲线。
△楼梯立面及平面示意图
其结构体系是 以空腹曲梁为支撑,再将力传导到曲梁两端(通常指上下楼层)的结构体系上 。
△板式钢结构示意图
△楼梯结构框架
△楼梯完成效果
板式结构多应用于室内,适用于 人流较少的竖向空间 。
通常 内圆半径选用600~1000mm ,每段楼梯踏步连续布置最多为18级,若超过18级则需设置休息平台。
△每段楼梯踏步数超过18级需设置休息平台
设计要点 :
a、 通常旋转楼梯不作为主要疏散功能使用。
b、 内侧扶手的 踏步宽度≥220mm 。
c、 梯段净高≥2200mm,栏杆高度梯段≥900mm,平台≥1050mm。
d、 楼梯的坡度不宜过陡( 通常小于38° ),踏步的高度和宽度应符合相应建筑类型的规范要求。
e、 在踏步板上做装饰面层时,铺贴石材需采用水泥砂浆找平,但易出现“空鼓”或“开裂”的现象,建议考虑 用木材打底 。
f、 钢结构施工安装方式主要以 焊接 为主,虽然所有构件预制时都做了防锈处理,但在焊接过程中可能会被破坏,所以焊接位置需注意, 若破坏要重新涂刷防锈漆。
钢结构旋转楼梯的实际应用
中柱式和板式钢结构旋转楼梯, 可通过踏步、栏杆、栏板等位置装饰材料(如木材、玻璃、大理石等)的运用,来满足各种风格和空间需求。
1、 中柱式的应用
标准的中柱式钢结构旋转楼梯因其占用空间小而被广泛应用。
a、 全钢材质
△应用于办公楼室外
△应用于办公楼室内
b、 钢构主体与其他材质组合
△应用于酒店室内(钢材+玻璃)
△应用于办公楼室内(钢材+玻璃)
△应用于别墅室外(钢材+玻璃)
△应用于别墅室内(钢材+木材)
△应用于售楼处室内(钢材+木材)
△应用于会所室内(钢材+大理石)
2、 板式的应用
相比于中柱式,板式钢结构旋转楼梯因其形式更加丰富美观而被应用的更加广泛。
a、 全钢材质
△应用于商场室内
△应用于会所室内
△应用于办公楼室内
b、 钢构主体与其他材质组合
△应用于酒店室内(钢材+木材+大理石)
△应用于会所室内(钢材+木材+玻璃)
△应用于体验店室内(钢材+木材+玻璃)
△应用于商场室内(钢材+大理石+玻璃)
△应用于办公楼室内(钢材+木材+玻璃)
△应用于别墅室内(钢材+木材)
△应用于展览馆室内(钢材+木材)
△应用于美术馆室内(钢材+大理石)
3、 基础结构体系的衍生应用
在标准中柱式和板式的基础上,设计师们可以扩展衍生出新型结构及造型的钢结构旋转楼梯,看看下面这些案例吧!
a、 众创书局|哈尔滨
△由中柱式衍生出新结构系统的过程
△以圆筒形阅读区空间作为“结构中柱”
△楼梯通过悬挑梁搭建在阅读空间“中柱”上
该设计以 中心圆形阅读空间作为一个“结构中柱” ,钢结构旋转楼梯通过 悬挑梁与“中柱”连接 。
楼梯既作为交通空间抵达各层的中心功能区,也作为展示空间设置旋转书墙,同时还作为休闲空间来休息、阅读、观赏。
b、 B:Hive办公楼|新西兰奥克兰
△采用不规则曲线的“板式”结构
△每段圆弧都不是同一个圆心
设计跳脱出传统的同圆心旋转楼梯,采用 不规则曲线设计 ,结构也因为其体量的庞大和不规则性衍生为更复杂的“板式”。
同时选择明艳的色彩作为楼梯装饰色,使旋转楼梯成为整个通高大空间的视觉焦点,营造出震撼活泼的空间氛围。
今天,关于钢结构旋转楼梯的基础认知就讲到这了
文章授权转载自:dop设计(ID:dopdesign) ,如有侵权请联系我们。
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只看楼主 我来说两句学习了,讲的内容很多。偏向于建筑知识,少量结构。。。
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不错,好资料,学习了,谢谢楼主分享。
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