无用空间的大用：校园场所营造的六项策略北京和立实践建筑

△ 校园鸟瞰 Campus Aerial View

 无用空间的大用 

The Great Use of Impractical Spaces

 

燕英实验学校，是北大附中教育集团委托管理成员校，座落于东莞市清溪镇香山山脉间。校园隐匿于林，东西南三面环山，仅北边面临香山路。独特的岭南气候与起伏的丘陵地貌在此浑然结合，天成一体。

Located in Mount Xiang, Qingxi Town of Dongguan City, Yane Academy, an entrusting administrative member school of the Peking University Affiliated School Group, is hidden in the forest.  Facing Xiangshan Road to the north side, the campus is surrounded by natural hills to the east, west and south, where the unique Lingnan climate perfectly coexists with the hilly landscape.

为了缓解大湾区中小学学位的严重短缺，设计赋予校园以最大限度的包容性与适应力。“无用即大用，无形铸有形”的设计愿景，呼应了北大附中所传承的“独立之精神，自由之思想”的北大信仰，并遵循“适应、提升、连接、韧性、渗透、互见”等六项校园场所营造策略，打造了最美山谷校园。

In order to alleviate the serious shortage of K12 places in the Greater Bay Area, the campus is endowed with maximum inclusivity and adaptivity. A vision statement that "Impracticality Makes Great Use, while Ambiguity Casts Grand Forms" is proposed to embrace "Independence of Spirit and Freedom in Thinking", a faith inherited by the Peking University Affiliated School Group.  Thus, the most beautiful valley campus has been created based on six strategies of campus place making, including adaptation, escalation, connection, resilience, permeation and mutual presence.

 

 

△ 规划体系 Master Plan Framework

 

 

 校园场所营造的六项策略 

Six Strategies of Campus Place Making 

适应：为了保护丘陵地貌，校园建筑因循地形，逐级上升，塑造了中心低且开放、四周高而私密的空间架构。14万平方米的建筑体量化整为零，13个建筑单体皆为小体量、浅进深，并借鉴了传统岭南建筑深挑檐、底层架空、敞廊等通风与遮阳策略。建筑布局顺应夏季主导风向，引导充足的通风为校园降低温度和湿度。

Adaptation: In order to preserve the hilly landform, the campus buildings follow the topography to shape terraces, low and open in the center while high and private around. The total gross area of 140,000 square meters is broken up into 13 buildings, with each building small in size and shallow in depth.  The ventilation and shading strategies inherited from traditional Lingnan buildings include deep overhanging eaves, overhead ground level and loggias in air. The master plan conforms to the dominant wind direction in summer, introducing sufficient natural ventilation to lower temperature and humidity throughout the campus.

 

△ 星云 The Nubula

 

提升：建筑以露台的形态回应了山峦的曲线。主体为混凝土色调和木饰面，铺地和金属栏杆则采用鲜明的色彩，与空间同步抬升，犹如山谷与山峰，相映成趣，为庞大的校园提供了视觉识别体系。位于主入口的剧场建筑则以镜面不锈钢材质反射周边景致，令自身“消隐”，谦虚而优雅地迎接师生们进入校园。

Escalation: The buildings respond to the mountain contours in the form of terraces.  While some buildings are cladded with wood veneer shading devices, most buildings have concrete finish with the paving and metal railings in bright colors.  The color system not only creates a lifted-up imagery like valleys and hilltops, but also forms a wayfinding system across the large campus. The theater building at the main entrance, by reflecting the surrounding scenery with its mirror stainless steel cladding, “vanishes” in nature and welcomes teachers and students in a humble and elegant way.

△ 中学部 Secondary School

△ 校园主入口 Main Entrance of the Campus

连接：校园中央的风雨廊桥 “星云”，将教学楼、剧场、体育馆等单体建筑连为一体，避雨遮阳，并围合出大大小小的院落。星云底层架空，二层设书院，顶层则开拓出新的“地面”层供孩子们奔跑。三层均可作为操场看台，并在操场和教学楼之间形成动静缓冲区。

Connection: The circular covered bridge in the center of the campus, also called the "Nebula", connects the academic buildings, theater, gymnasiums and other buildings into an integrated system, a continuous shelter from the sun and rain, enclosing courtyards in various sizes. The nebula accommodates the school house activities on the second floor, with the huge rooftop as children’s running track. All three levels function as the audience stand for the sports field, also as a buffer between the noisy playground and the quiet academic buildings.

 

△ 操场 Sports Field

  △ 小学部 Elementary School

  △ 星空剧场 Starry Amphitheater

 

韧性：借助上折门和水平活动隔段，室内外空间边界松散，建筑可根据气候和课程需求自由开合。教学楼结构框架规则赋予了学习空间以重组的能力，为学龄组合的变化和教学法的迭代提供了极大的灵活度。结合走班制教学，学校具备迅速提高学生容量的潜力。这种韧性令学校有能力从容应对自然、教学和社会需求的不断变化，从而有机生长。

Resilience: By employing overhead folding doors and horizontal movable partitions, the boundaries between indoor and outdoor spaces are loose, and the buildings can be easily opened or closed based on the weather and curriculum needs. The orderly structural frames of the academic buildings endow the learning spaces with the ability of reconfiguration, which provides great flexibility for the ever-changing mix of student age groups and the evolution of curriculums. Established with the optional class system, the school has the potential to instantly increase the student capacity. This resilience enables the school to survive changes from weather, curriculums and society demands and hence organically grow.

 

△ 敞廊 Loggia in Air

△ 教学楼中庭 Atrium of Academic Building

 

渗透与互见：设计强调建筑、自然与人之间的相互渗透，这些边界灵活且多维度、跨感官：穿堂而过的风、远山传来的鸟鸣、身边舞蹈的同学，共同构成了丰富多样的日常，将学习植入真实美好的生活场景中。学习环境中很少有绝对的“主角”。空间形制竭力促进师生们在校园中相互可见，平等而自主；这正是北大附中教育的核心精神。

Permeation and Mutual Presence: The design emphasizes permeation among the architecture, nature and human beings, the demarcations among which are elastic, multi-dimensional and cross-sensory.  The wind passes through the halls, the chirping of birds from distant mountains resonates in the campus, and the classmates dance next door, all culminating in a liberal and diverse daily experience, in which education is embedded. There is seldom an absolute “leading role” in the learning environment.  The space typologies are designed to promote mutual and equal presence among all the teachers and students.  This is the core spirit of education in the Peking University Affiliated School.

△ 星云表演大厅 Performing Hall at Nebula

 

△ 星云与星空剧场 Nebular and Starry Theater

  △ 星云与书院活动 Nebular & House Activities

  △ 从望山台看南侧林地 Overlook at the Forest in South

△ 接待大厅 Reception Hall

△ 小学低龄部内院 Early Years Courtyard

 

燕英实验学校的设计借鉴了风景度假村的手法，通过模糊空间形态，创造“主体感”较弱的地景建筑，令学生成为“被服务”的主体，从而突破局限，去探索自主的学习与生活。这是“无用即大用，无形铸有形”希望实现的境界。

The methodology of scenic resort design has been adopted in the Yane Academy campus design, creating less dictating landscape architecture through ambiguous spaces and undulating forms，so that students feel more comfortable being "served" and go beyond limitations to explore self-directing learning and living.  This is the essence of "Impracticality Makes Great Use, while Ambiguity Casts Grand Forms"

 

△ 从南侧林地看校园 Campus Viewed From Forest in the South

 

“相比于其他建筑类型，教育建筑需要设计师拥有更大的耐心，和对未来终极的乐观期许。在设计过程中，我们永远将教育优先于建筑来考虑，在解决实际问题时不妥协对长远愿景的追求”，燕英实验学校的首席设计师马笑漪说道，“在努力缓解大湾区学位紧缺的现实压力同时，我们为校园塑造了一种从容的气质，去适应未来的高度不确定性，并勇敢地直面当今社会“多快好省”的心态。燕英实验学校是生于斯长于斯，而非放之四海皆准的大湾区学校，这是她的韧性与生长力的来源。”

"Compared to other types of architecture, education architecture requires the designer with much more patience and ultimate optimistic expectations to the future.  During the design process, we have always given priority to education over architecture, and never compromised the long-term perspective when solving immediate problems.” said Xiaoyi Ma, the chief designer of Yane Academy, “While we strive to alleviate the shortage of K12 places in the Greater Bay Area, we have also created an effortless atmosphere for the campus to adapt to the future with uncertainty, and to face the mentality of “achieving more with less and quicker” in the current environment.  Rather than one size fits all, Yane Academy is born and raised in the Greater Bay where she gains her resilience and strength to grow.”

 

 附件图纸 

△ 校园总平面图 Campus Master Plan

项目信息

项目名称：燕英实验学校（北大附中教育集团委托管理成员校）

项目位置：广东省东莞市清溪镇

设计单位：北京和立实践建筑设计咨询有限公司

业主单位：东莞市智汇谷教育投资有限公司

设计/竣工时间：2020/2022年

用地面积：111,694㎡

建筑面积：138,149㎡

设计内容：校园规划和建筑设计

项目性质：教育建筑，小学，初中和高中

设计团队：马笑漪，王婧，陈鹏飞，张婧如，李晓昂，张暄，顾海宁，颜玮慧，王佳佳，高兆佳，明杨，施鑫，苏禹铭

合作设计单位：东莞市东城建筑规划设计院