国外的——另类住宅

发布于：2020-10-19 14:07:19 来自：建筑设计/城市规划设计 [复制转发]

在维尔纽斯这座著名的历史名城中，通过培养百年的生活传统，将富有表现力的环境和人造建筑结合在一起，开始创建一个独特的城市建筑住宅公园。

它位于立陶宛维尔纽斯老城，是联合国教科文组织保护的区域，在维尔内尔河的山谷中，工业已经存在了多年，它的斜坡与特定的特点和限制相结合，同时为居民提供了一个高品质的生活质量。

By fostering a hundred years of traditions of living in the remarkable historical city of Vilnius, where the expressive environment and man-made architectural ensemble, were combined, the creation of a unique residential urban-architectural park, was started. It is UNESCO-protected area, located in the Old Town of Vilnius Lithuania, where the industry has existed for many years, in the valley of the Vilnel? River, which stands out on its slopes combined with specific characteristics, and constraints while offering residents an exceptional quality, of life.

新区被划分为独立的区域，由立陶宛的不同建筑事务所设计。滨江院落成为一个大门，一个从旧城到新形状部分的过渡。

因此，在进行概念设计时，我们注重与环境和人的协同界面和相互联系，我们的目标是利用现有场地的独特特点。老城区独特的特点之一是山形屋顶——由它形成的多面轮廓，与山丘、河坡和弯道和谐地融合在一起。

我们也在我们设计的综合体中应用了这一特点，在那里，体块的起伏轮廓以上升的曲线相互传递，远离老城区和河流。

The new district was divided, into separate quarters, which were designed by different architectural offices from Lithuania. The Riverside courtyard quarter becomes like a gate, a transition from the old city to the newly shaped part. Therefore, while developing concept design, we concentrated on synergetic interfaces and interconnection with the environment and human, we aimed to use its unique features of the existing site. One of the exclusive characteristics of the Old Town is the gabled A shape roof - the multi-faceted silhouettes formed by it, harmoniously merging with the hills and river slopes and bends. We also applied this feature in our designed complex, where the undulating outlines of the volumes pass to each other in ascending curves, moving away from the old town and the river.

环境空间的第二个特殊形态特征是不规则的庭院系统，这使得即使在密集的建成区也可以拥有封闭、安全的社区空间。另一个特色不仅成为我们小区内部的主旋律，也给小区起了名字——滨江庭院。

The second exceptional morphological characteristic of environmental spaces is the irregularly shaped system of courtyards, which allows having closed, safe community spaces even in the densely built-up area. The latter feature became not only the leitmotif of the interiors of our quarter but also gave the name of the quarter - Riverside courtyards.

场地的第三个特点是与河流相邻的绿色斜坡和接近河流本身。我们认为，这些在城市中心的元素不应该被隐藏，也不应该被利用，因此住宅综合体的创建始终遵循这样的规定，即将城市主要街道空间的景观向绿色山丘开放。

建筑之间留下了空间间隙，我们用透明的玻璃墙形成了街道的周长，允许为居民的庭院创造私人空间，同时向所有城镇居民开放河流的景观。

The third feature of the site is the adjacent green slopes of the river and the proximity of the river itself. We believe that such elements in the city centre should not be hidden, or not utilized, so the creation of the residential complex has consistently followed the provision to open the views of the main urban street spaces to the green massifs. Space gaps were left, between the buildings, where we formed the perimeter of the street with clear glass walls-joints that allowed to create private spaces for the residents’ courtyards while opening up views of the river to all the townspeople.

第四个环境特征是复合世界方向的光及其位置。场地位于河流斜坡上，上面长满了老树，这就造成了光照问题。

此外，河流位于基地的北侧，因此它产生了北侧开放景观、南侧自然光线和城市街道之间的冲突。

因此，我们引入了横向空间系统的选择，使自然光能够在室内空间中相互作用，同时也能在整个区域内欣赏到庭院和街道的美景。

The fourth environment feature is the light and its position of compound world direction. The site territory is located, on the river slopes, which is overgrown with old trees, and it creates a light problem. Also, the river is on the Northside of the site, so it generates conflict between open views to a landscape in the North, natural light and city streets in the South. So we introduced an option of transverse space system that allows natural light to interact within interior spaces, as well as, beautiful views of courtyard and street throughout the entire area.

在色彩和质感的立面方案中，舒适的光线、安静的社区内部和周围街道紧张的公共生活外部的对立也被设计在一起：庭院由超亮的3D砖制成，有助于最大限度地增加光线，而沉闷的砖则创造了一个不朽的、持续的印象，形成了一个自我保护的区域的概念。

这种二元对立也被记录在立面窗户的构成中，外立面的这些元素以一种非常有组织的方式排列，保持着严格的节奏，而内院的窗户是独立的构成。

The dichotomy of cosy light, the interior of a quiet neighbourhood and the exterior of intense public life in the surrounding streets are also coded, in colour and textured fa?ade solutions: courtyards are made, of ultra-bright 3D bricks that help maximize the amount of dark light, dulcet bricks that create the impression of a monumental, sustained, forming an idea of the self-preserving quarter. This dichotomy is also recorded, in the compositions of fa?ade windows, where these elements in the external fa?ades are arranged in a remarkably organized manner, maintaining a strict rhythm, and the windows in the inner courtyards are independent compositions.

该建筑群由六座独立的建筑组成，中间有庭院。当你离开老城区，沿着主街的人行道，建筑的高度也会增加。类似的推理是,关于这条河:附近的建筑结构Vilnel?更低,它重复弯曲时,靠近主要街道——卷扩大。

它确保了住宅综合体在环境中的和谐和轮廓，为居住在区域深处的居民或客人打开了河流和老城区的视野。

The complex consists of six separate buildings that have courtyards in between. The height of the buildings increases as you move away from the Old Town, along the main street pavement. Similar reasoning was maintained, concerning the river: the building structures near Vilnel? are lower, it repeats its bends as it moves away, approaching the main street - the volumes expand. It ensures harmony and silhouette of the residential complex within the environment, that opens the views of the river and Old Town, to the residents or guests residing in the depths of the quarter.

院落体块的裂缝不仅有助于创造空间安排，表明环境之间的关系，而且严格由绝缘计算推动。每个立面平面的转角必须最大限度地增加入射光线的数量，同时也要使现有景观和教堂塔楼的视野开阔。

整个综合体的居住汽车都被储存在地下停车场，所有的庭院都是专为居民、绿地和操场设计的。每个庭院被划分为独立的空间，形成不同用途的功能，从而照顾到所有居民的兴趣:老年人的娱乐空间、城市农区、操场和私人露台(为一楼的居民提供)。

Fractures in courtyard volumes not only help to create spatial arrangements that indicate the relationship between the environment but are strictly motivated by insulative calculations. The turning angle of each fa?ade plane must maximize the amount of coming light, as well as open views of existing landscape and church towers. The resident cars of the whole complex stored, in underground car parks situated under plots, all courtyards are designed only for residents, green areas and playgrounds. Each yard are divided into separate spaces that form functions for different purposes, thus taking care of the interest of all residents: spaces for recreation for the elderly, urban farming zones, playgrounds and private terraces (for the residents of the first floors), are provided.

通过适应可变高度的挡土墙，允许设计丘陵地形，反映现有环境的特点与整体结构组合，作为一个整体组成。

该综合体中的所有公寓都有露台或隐藏式阳台，因此不仅保持了体量的完整性，也确保了居民的隐私。为了纪念建筑体量，烟囱被隐藏起来，在技术掩体中，创建了雨水管道的飞檐，屋顶覆瓦与立面的纹理相连接和融合。

By adapting variable-height retaining walls, allows designing a hilly relief, that mirrors a characteristic of the existing environment combined with an ensemble of the structure, as a whole composition. All apartments in the complex, have terraces, or recessed balconies, so not only the integrity of the volume is maintained, but the privacy of the residents, is ensured. To monumentalize the structure volumes chimneys are hidden, in technical shelters, cornices of rainwater pipes created, roof cladding tiles connected and merged with the texture of the fa?ade.

它可以创造出一个有机跳动、紧密结合的建筑整体，在城市最具价值的全景中可见，结合了几乎所有可能的人所必需的属性:自然、私人空间、社交场所、工作区域、与历史的直接联系。

It allows creating an organically pulsating, cohesive architectural ensemble visible in the most valuable panoramas of the city, combining almost all possible attributes necessary for a person: nature, private space, places of socialization, work areas, direct connection with history.