摩登家族-Julius Shulman镜头下的加州现代主义住宅

2016年，《时代周刊》把摄影师朱利叶斯·舒尔曼（Julius Shulman, 1910-2009）所拍摄的斯塔尔住宅（Stahl House）列为历史上最具影响力的100张照片之一。在这张双重曝光时间长达7分半钟的照片里，两位身着礼服的女士坐在一个出挑于悬崖上的玻璃盒中，漂浮在闪烁的城市之上，仿佛是神话故事里才会出现的画面。这张照片把建筑变成了美好生活的化身。1960年，当这张照片出现在洛杉矶的报纸 Los Angeles Herald Examiner上时，立刻掳获了大众的注意，美西这片土地似乎就此成了美国梦中的“应许之地”。

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman. 被《时代周刊》评为历史上最具影响力的100张照片之一

时逢“二战”后南加州迅速成为现代主义建筑的试验场，以洛杉矶为据点的《艺术与建筑》杂志在1945至1966年间主导了影响巨大的“案例研究住宅”计划（Case Study Houses），联合多位建筑师先后完成26个住宅项目。朱利叶斯·舒尔曼就是那位应时应景出现的摄影师，他的照片正好捕捉了这一特别时期里加州现代建筑的发展。也正是通过他的照片，加州现代建筑开始更广泛地传播至全美乃至全球。

△ 朱利叶斯·舒尔曼正在拍摄斯塔尔住宅

今天当我们谈到加州所谓“世纪中期现代”（Mid-Century Modern）时，首先映入脑海的是带着大片玻璃、光亮洁净的空间和色彩缤纷家具的图像，这样如梦似幻的生活场景吸引了大量中产阶级，而建筑材料大规模的工业化生产和媒体的推波助澜，促使了这一浪潮快速进入到人们的日常生活之中。这种建筑成为个人化日用商品的趋势，完全超出了早期现代主义所设想的共享乌托邦。通过朱利叶斯·舒尔曼的镜头，我们得以再次走进这场“美国梦”，走进上个世纪中期的加州现代建筑运动中心，走进真正的美式摩登家庭。

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#22 Stahl House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House #21, Bailey House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House #21, Bailey House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Kitchen in the Bailey House designed by Pierre Koenig, Los Angeles, 1959.

△ Case Study House #21, Bailey House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Cocktail Hour at the Spencer Residence, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Frey Residence by Albert Frey, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Albert Frey's Floating Dining Table Suspended by Cables From The Ceiling. 

△ Frey Residence by Albert Frey, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△Mathias Goeritz at his home, which was co-designed with Ricardo Legorreta, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 1973. Photography Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#20 Bass House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#20 Bass House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#20 Bass House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#20 Bass House, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Mirman House, Arcadia, CA. 1959, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Mirman House, Arcadia, CA. 1959, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Kaufman House by Richard Neutra, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Leeds Residence designed by architect Raphael Spriano. 

△ Albert Frey's 'Frey Residence II'.

△ Roberts Residence designed by WESTON, BYLES & RUDOLPH.

△ Spring Hotel, Bequia, designed by CRITES & MCCONNELL.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

△ Case Study House#28, photograph by Julius Shulman.

参考资料：

[1] 重写的现代——美西建筑

[2] THROUGH THE LENS OF JULIUS SHULMAN, contributed by Roshan McArthur