看看美国如何限制化学锚栓

化学锚栓以有植筋在美国惹下了许多麻烦，其中最著名的化学锚栓的事故是波士顿BIGDIG隧道中的脱落事故。相关的公司对受害都进行了天文数字的赔偿。也许在中国死个个把人，不会赔偿多少钱，所以在中国大家都在放心地使用，根本不会去考虑化学锚栓或是植筋所固有的风险。



One needs to be aware that there have been several revisions to adhesive anchor testing requirements within the last year, and manufacturers may not have tested their products to the more recent revisions. At the time of the preparation of this guide, only a few manufacturers are believed to meet current AC308 standards. Use only the most recent test results.
［人们要意识到，在上一年里，对粘接型锚栓的检测要求做了数次修改，制造商可能没有根据最近的版本进行检测。在准备这个指南的时候，只有极少几家生产商认为满足了当前 AC308 的标准，使用了最新的检测结果。］


Post-installed adhesive anchors shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318 Appendix D as modified by ICC-ES AC308 Article 3.0 Design Requirements. Strength Design values may be converted to Allowable Stress Design values. The latest test results from ICC-ES are needed for design. Do not rely on manufacturer’s literature for test results.
［后锚固用粘接型锚栓的设计应按照 ACI 318 Appendix D ， ICC-ES AC308 Article 3.0 的设计要求进行。设计要求、强度设计值可转换为许用应力设计值。设计值需要来自ICC-ES的最新测试值，不得依赖制造商的测试结果文献。］



Post-installed adhesive anchors shall be tested in accordance with ICC-ES AC308.

［后锚固用粘接型锚栓应当依照 ICC-ES AC308 进行测试。］



AC308 applies to anchors with a minimum diameter of ¼ inch.

［ AC308 适用于最小直径为 ¼英寸 的锚栓。］


Adhesive anchors shall not be used in any permanent sustained tension application or in any overhead application. Adhesive anchors shall not be used in wall brackets where they would be in sustained tension (e.g., a pipe support bracket). They could be used in a handrail bracket.
［粘接型锚栓不得使用在任何永久持续拉力的应用中，或任何顶部使用。粘接型锚栓不得在持续张力的墙支架中使用（例如，管道支撑架）。粘接型锚栓可以在扶手支架中使用。］


Adhesive anchors shall not be used in any application where they will be exposed to sustained temperatures above 110°F unless they have been tested for higher temperatures in accordance with ICC-ES AC308.
［粘接型锚栓不得在持续温度高于华氏 110° 的环境中使用，除非他们依照 ICC-ES AC308 检测并获得能在高温中使用的许可。］


Adhesive anchors shall not be used in any application where they will be exposed to short-term temperatures above 180°F unless they have been tested for higher temperatures in accordance with ICC-ES AC308.
［粘接型锚栓不得在短期温度高于华氏 180° 的环境中使用，除非他们依照 ICC-ES AC308 检测并获得能在高温中使用的许可。］


Adhesive anchors shall not be used in any application where they may be exposeto fire.
［粘接型锚栓不得暴露使用在有火的环境中。］


For post-installed adhesive anchors, consideration needs to be given to the specific tests that have been used to qualify the anchors, drill hole conditions, exposure and inspection regimen.
［对于后锚固用粘接型锚栓，当局必须给予具体的测试用于限制锚杆，钻孔条件，曝光和验收方案。］


Post installed adhesive anchor designs need to also consider if the anchor is loaded in permanent tension (including but not limited to overhead anchors), creep, installation temperature, short term temperature and long-term temperature, including but not limited to fire.
［后锚固用粘接型锚栓的设计实际也要考虑到锚栓是否处于持久张力中（包括且并不局限于顶部锚栓），蠕变，安装温度，短期温度和长期温度，包括但不限火灾。］


For the design of post-installed anchors for vibration/fatigue, shock/impact or blast loads one needs to utilize a specific testing regime, as found in the engineering literature, or if no testing regime exists, one may need to conduct testing for the specific application being considered.
［后锚固用粘接型锚栓在震动、疲劳、震荡、冲击或者爆炸荷载的条件下设计时，人们需要特定的测试制度。如在工程文献中发现的，或者如果没有测试制度存在，人们也许需要审议进行特定应用的测试。］


Post-installed anchors that have been tested for seismic loads shall not be used as anchors subject to vibration/fatigue, shock/impact or blast loads. Post-installed anchors that have been tested for vibration loads shall not be used for impact or shock loads.
［已经在地震荷载下测试过的后锚固用锚栓，不能认为是可在震动，疲劳，冲击或爆炸荷载下使用的锚栓。已经经过震动荷载测试的后锚固用锚栓不能用于冲击或震荡荷载中。］


Post-installed adhesive anchors installed in seismic zones shall be tested in accordance with Article 9.12 of AC308.

［安装在地震区域里的后锚固用粘接型锚栓应依据Article 9.12 of AC308.检测。］